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Water Pollution Notes Name: Period: Date: Science ID#: Topic: Water Pollution Topics, Concepts, Review Questions Information, Vocabulary, Main Points: YOUR NOTES Water Any chemical, biological, pollution: or physical change in water quality that has a harmful effect on living organisms or makes water unsuitable for desired uses. Name: Period: Date: Science ID#: Topic: Water Pollution Topics, Concepts, Review Questions More people lead to more: Information, Vocabulary, Main Points: YOUR NOTES • Sewage produced • Fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides used • Fossil fuels burned • Oil leaked, spilled • Land deforested • Manufacturing byproducts Topics, Concepts, Review Questions Classes of water pollutants: 1) Diseasecausing agents (pathogens) Information, Vocabulary, Main Points: YOUR NOTES −Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, parasitic worms −Can enter water from domestic sewage and untreated human & animal wastes Topics, Concepts, Review Questions Information, Vocabulary, Main Points: YOUR NOTES 2) Oxygen−Organic wastes that can demanding be decomposed by aerobic wastes dead leaves or fish, blood, bodies, food (O2-requiring) bacteria −Large populations of these bacteria can degrade H2O quality by depleting the water of dissolved oxygen, causing O2-consuming aquatic life to die Topics, Concepts, Review Questions Information, Vocabulary, Main Points: YOUR NOTES 3)Watersoluble −Acids, salts, and toxic chemicals metals (mercury and lead) −Can make water unfit to drink, harm fish, lower crop yields, & corrode metals exposed to water Topics, Concepts, Review Questions Methylmercury Information, Vocabulary, Main Points: YOUR NOTES *Atmospheric mercury is produced by burning coal *Accumulates as it moves up the food chain; ie: albacore tuna *Symptoms: trouble walking/coordination, hearing, vision, speaking Topics, Concepts, Review Questions Information, Vocabulary, Main Points: YOUR NOTES Minimata − First identified in Japan, 50’s Disease − Chisso chemical factory released methylmercury into local water, contaminating fish & shellfish. − Cat, dog, pig, human deaths occurred for THREE decades! − Bioaccumulation of mercury in the ocean is a HUGE environmental problem Topics, Concepts, Review Questions 4) Inorganic plant nutrients Information, Vocabulary, Main Points: YOUR NOTES − Nitrates & phosphates that cause excessive growth of algae & other aquatic plants which die and decay, depleting water of dissolved oxygen and killing fish − Drinking water with high levels of nitrates lowers the O2-carrying capacity of the blood Cultural Eutrophication • Eutrophication: the natural nutrient enrichment of a shallow lake, estuary or slow moving stream, mostly from runoff of plant nutrients from the surrounding land. • Cultural eutrophication: human activities accelerate the input of plant nutrients (mostly nitrate- and phosphate-containing effluents) to a lake. – 85% of large lakes near major population centers in the U.S. have some degree of cultural eutrophication. Topics, Concepts, Review Questions Information, Vocabulary, Main Points: YOUR NOTES 5) Organic chemicals − Oil, gasoline, plastics, pesticides, cleaning solvents, detergents, etc. −(Remember that an organic compound is a chemical that contains carbon.) Topics, Concepts, Review Questions Information, Vocabulary, Main Points: YOUR NOTES 6)Sediment −Insoluble particles of or suspended soil or other solids (mostly when soil is matter eroded from the land) −Clouds water and reduces photosynthesis −Soil is the #1 water pollutant Topics, Concepts, Review Questions Lake clogged with dead trees Information, Vocabulary, Main Points: YOUR NOTES −Carries pesticides, bacteria, etc. −Destroys feeding and spawning grounds of fish −Clogs and fills lakes, stream channels, and harbors Topics, Concepts, Review Questions 7)Watersoluble radioactive isotopes Information, Vocabulary, Main Points: YOUR NOTES -- Can be concentrated (biologically magnified) in tissues & organs as they pass through food chains and webs --Radioactive tracers are used to detect and treat early-stage disease (thyroid, breast cancer) Topics, Concepts, Review Questions Information, Vocabulary, Main Points: YOUR NOTES 8)Thermal −Heat absorbed by water pollution used to cool industrial & power plants −Lowers dissolved O2 levels making aquatic organisms (most of which are cold blooded) vulnerable to disease, parasites, & toxic chemicals −Especially from nuclear power plants Abundance of organisms Upper limit of tolerance Few No organisms organisms Population size Lower limit of tolerance No Few organisms organisms Zone of intolerance Low Zone of physiological stress Optimum range Zone of physiological stress Temperature As atmospheric temps rise (due to global warming), ocean temps rise Zone of intolerance High Topics, Concepts, Review Questions Information, Vocabulary, Main Points: YOUR NOTES 9) Genetic −When aquatic systems pollution are disrupted by deliberate or accidental introduction of nonnative species −Can crowd out native species, reduce biodiversity, & cause economic losses Case Study: India’s Ganges River: Religion, Poverty, and Health • Daily, more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe, drink from, or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River. Figure 21-6 Topics, Concepts, Review Questions In the U.S., nonpoint pollution from agriculture: Information, Vocabulary, Main Points: YOUR NOTES Occurs mostly in the form of sediment, inorganic fertilizers, manure, salts dissolved in irrigation water, & pesticides Is responsible for an estimated 64% of the total mass of pollutants entering streams & 57% entering lakes. Topics, Concepts, Review Questions Why is groundwater pollution more serious than surface water contamination? Information, Vocabulary, Main Points: YOUR NOTES Groundwater cannot cleanse itself of degradable wastes as effectively as surface water systems. It is slower & colder. Topics, Concepts, Review Questions The effects of oil spills on ocean ecosystems depend upon certain factors: Information, Vocabulary, Main Points: YOUR NOTES −Volatile organic hydrocarbons in oil kill a variety of aquatic organisms, especially in their larval forms −Floating oil coats the feathers of birds (especially diving birds) and the fur of marine mammals, destroying the animals’ natural insulation and buoyancy Topics, Concepts, Review Questions Information, Vocabulary, Main Points: YOUR NOTES −Many drown or die of exposure from loss of body heat −Heavy oil components can smother bottom-dwellers such as crabs, oysters, mussels, and clams −Can kill reef corals Exxon Valdez spilled 10.8 million gallons of crude oil into Gulf of Alaska in 1989, creating one of the largest environmental disasters in the nation's history (until BP of 2010, which was 17 times this!)