Download Classification of Organisms

Bell Work:
Think about your CD, video game, DVD or
book collection at home. How would you
separate this collection into different
groups? What would the groups be? Try
to come up with 4 or 5.
Classification of organisms
The grouping of objects or information
based on similarities
Taxonomy: branch of biology that
classifies organisms
Carol Linnaeus
 1707 – 1778
 Created the
classification system
we use today based
on similarities that
reveal relationships
Ex: Bat is considered a
mammal because it has
hair and provides milk
for their young and not
a bird because of the
wings
Classification of Organisms
Kingdom
Phylum / Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Genus/Species
Binomial nomenclature: two word
naming system where the first word
identifies the genus (a similar group) and
the second identifies the species (a
characteristic)
Ex: Scientific name of modern humans is
Homo sapiens. Notice that the genus is
capitalized and the species is lowercase
Brown Squirrel




Kingdom: Animalia (animal)
Phylum: Chordata (has a backbone)
Class: Mammalia (has a backbone and nurses its young)
Order: Rodentia (has a backbone, nurses its young, and
has long, sharp front teeth)
 Family: Scuridae (has a backbone, nurses its young, has
long, sharp front teeth, and has a bushy tail)
 Genus: Tamiasciurus (has a backbone, nurses its young,
has long, sharp front teeth, has a bushy tail, and climbs
trees)
 Species: hudsonicus (has a backbone, nurses its young,
has long, sharp front teeth, has a bushy tail, and has
brown fur on its back and white fur on its underparts)
Classification of two animals
Bobcat
 Animalia
 Chordata
 Mammalia
 Carnivora
 Felidae
 Lynx
 rufus
Lynx
 Animalia
 Chordata
 Mammalia
 Carnivora
 Felidae
 Lynx
 canadensis
Five Kingdom System
Bacteria
Protists
Fungi
Animals
Plants
Bacteria
 Unicellular, microscopic
 Archaebacteria:
thought to live in
extreme environments
(swamps, hydrothermal
vents). Now found
everywhere
 Eubacteria: all of the
other bacteria (~10,000)
 Oldest fossil 3.5 billion
years old
 No nucleus
 Prokaryotic
 Some have no
chlorophyll
 Decomposers
 Parasitic
Protists
 Unicellular or multicellular; microscopic
 Nucleus present, but lacks complex organ
systems
Eukaryotic
 Autotrophic or heterotrophic
 Lives in moist environments
 Found in fossils up to 2
billion years ago
 Red, Green and brown algae
are plant-like protists
Fungi
 Eukaryotic
 Either unicellular or
multicellular
 No root, stem and leaf
 No chlorophyll
 decomposer or parasitic
 Reproduce by forming
spores
 First appeared in the
fossil record 400 million
years ago
 ~100,000 known species
Animals
Eukaryotic, multicellular Heterotrophs
Oldest animal fossil 600 million years old
Divided into two groups according to the
presence or absence of backbone:
Invertebrates : without backbone
Vertebrates : with backbone
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Vertebrates
Divided into 5 groups:
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
Fish
Aquatic
Cold-blooded
Body covered with
wet and slimy scales
Streamlined body for
easy movement
through water
Fins for balance and
to control movement
Gills for breathing
External fertilization
Amphibians
Cold-blooded
Moist, scale-less skin
Limbs present
Larvae (tadpoles) use
gills for breathing;
adults use lungs
External fertilization
Reptiles
Cold-blooded
Body covered with
dry, hard scales
Live on land
Breathe with lungs
Internal fertilization;
lay shelled eggs
Birds
Warm-blooded
With feathers
With wings
Beak for feeding
Lungs for breathing
Internal fertilization;
lay shelled eggs
Mammals
Warm-blooded
Hair on skin
Females have
mammary glands for
producing milk for
their offspring
Lungs for breathing
Internal fertilization;
embryos develop
inside mothers’ bodies
Plants
 Most plants contain photosynthetic pigments
(e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis
Autotrophic
 Can be divided into two groups:
Non-flowering plants
Flowering plants
 Oldest fossil 400 million years old
 Roughly 500,000 known species
Non-flowering plants
4 groups:
Algae
Mosses
Ferns
Gymnosperms
Algae
 Aquatic
 Simple multicellular
plants
 No root, stem or leaf
 Contain photosynthetic
pigments (e.g.
chlorophyll) for
photosynthesis
Mosses
With simple leaves and stems
No roots
Reproduce by spores
Found in damp areas
Ferns
With true roots,
stems, leaves and
vascular tissues
Reproduce by
spores
Live in damp places
Gymnosperms
Reproduction by
producing seeds
Seeds develop in
cones, not enclosed
by fruits
naked seeds
Needle-shaped
leaves to reduce
water loss
Angiosperms (Flowering plants)
With flowers for
reproduction
Seeds are produced
inside the fruit
(matured ovary)
Dichotomous Key
Your Mission
Biology book page 474 & 475
Make a dichotomous key using beetles
Follow the procedure and answer
questions 1-3