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Name: ________________________________ Date: __________________________ Period: ______ Raphael ___/42 Directions: (1) Use context clues, your background knowledge, the word bank, and the process of elimination to fill in the blanks below. (2) Answer the questions as they occur. (3) Complete the flow map below to make clear what happened after “Raphael … was born in Urbino, Italy on Good Friday, the 6th of April, 1483.” Use the underlined verbs and verb phrases as a guide. (4) Write a one paragraph summary of this reading. WORD BANK death sense fame oils poet “When he died, the heavens wanted to give one of the signs they gave when Jesus Christ expired... Here, people are talking about nothing but the death of this exceptional man, who has completed his first life at the young age of thirty-seven. His second life - that of his (1) _______________, which is subject neither to time nor death - will endure for all eternity...” - Pandolfo Pico della Mirandola on Raphael, 1521 Raffaello Santi, known as Raphael, was born in Urbino, Italy on Good Friday, the 6th of April, 1483. He was the son of Magia di Battista di Nicola Ciarla and Giovanni Santi di Pietro. His father was a painter and (2) _______________ at the court of Frederico da Montefeltre, one of the most famous princes and art patrons early of the Italian Renaissance. Raphael’s father was not an outstanding painter, though he was a man of good (3) _______________. Raphael started helping out in Santi’s studio at a very early age. He learned the fundamentals of art in his father’s studio. His father died in 1494. It is not clear where Raphael received his training after his father’s (4) _______________. According to his first biographer, Vasari, Raphael was apprenticed to Pietro Perugino, and all of Raphael’s surviving works from 1502 to 1504 show Perugino’s influence, the most notable are Crucifixion (1502-1503), Coronation of the Virgin (c. 15031504), and Marriage of the Virgin (1504). Perugino almost certainly taught Raphael to paint with (5) _______________ and on frescoes, but not before 1500. What training Raphael had between the ages of eleven and seventeen is not known. 6-8 Describe Raphael’s artistic training. Write in complete sentences. Include three specific details from the text and be sure to cover all of his training, not just one part of it. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 1 WORD BANK library four Dragon Florence Michelangelo philosophy rejected In 1504, Raphael moved to Florence, where he remained until 1508. These years were very important for his development. Leonardo da Vinci and (9) _______________ were working in Florence at that time, and Raphael was greatly influenced by their styles. He adapted some of the elements he saw in their work, but (10) _______________ other influences that were incompatible with his vision. In Florence he started another series of Madonnas, including Madonna del Granduca (c. 1505) and Madonna of the Meadow (1505 or 1506). He also created several portraits, which showed Leonardo’s impact. Other notable paintings from his Florence period are Saint George and the (11) _______________ (c. 1505-1506), Entombment (1507), Saint Catherine (c. 1508), and Madonna with the Baldachino (1507-1508). 12 Based upon what you have read so far, what do all of Raphael’s artistic works seem to have in common? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Within four years Raphael had achieved success in (13) _______________ and his fame had spread abroad. By the autumn of 1508, he was in Rome and was entrusted by Pope Julius II with the decoration of the Stanze, the new papal apartment in the Vatican Palace, an enormous commission for the twenty-six-year-old artist. The first room, probably Julius II’s private (14) ______________, was completed by 1511. It was decorated in the traditional way of decorating libraries, with large depictions of idealized historic and biblical events. Raphael dedicated the (15) _______________ walls of the Stanze to theology, philosophy, poetry and justice. Each theme was presented as a female figure. For each wall he created images of men and women from history who had won fame in each field. Raphael’s wall representing (16) _______________ became one of the most famous frescoes in Italian Renaissance art. The central image on the wall, The School of Athens, is seen by historians as the embodiment of the classical spirit of the High Renaissance. 17 What does this paragraph about Raphael’s decoration of the pope’s Vatican apartment reveal about the lives of Church leaders during the Renaissance? __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 2 WORD BANK marble Madonnas reason right Friday Medici Minerva The School of Athens is a depiction of philosophy. It represents the truth acquired through (18) _______________. The scene is in classical times, as both the architecture and the garments indicate. The painting celebrates classical thought, but it is also dedicated to the liberal arts, symbolized by the statues of Apollo (the god of music and medicine) and (19) _______________ (the goddess of wisdom). The figures at the center, Plato and Aristotle, are shown engaged in dialogue. Grammar, arithmetic, and music are personified by figures located in the foreground, at left. Geometry and astronomy are personified by the figures in the foreground, at (20) _______________. Other figures represent subjects like art and diplomacy. Some of the ancient philosophers bear the features of Raphael’s contemporaries. Leonardo is probably shown as Plato. Michelangelo, sitting on the stairs and leaning on a block of (21) _______________, is represented as Heraclitus. 22 Why did Raphael place Plato and Aristotle at the center of The School of Athens? ______________________________________________________________________________ Although Raphael’s main task during this period was to decorate the Stanza, he still found time for a subject which preoccupied him for most of his career: more (23) _______________, including the most famous of all, the Sistine Madonna (c. 1513-1514). (Sistine refers to Pope Sixtus IV who had the Sistine Chapel built from 1473 to 1483.) Raphael also painted portraits for the Medici family, popes and other Church dignitaries while he lived in Rome. The Transfiguration (c. 1519-1520) was the last work Raphael painted. It was commissioned by Cardinal Giulio de’ Medici. Raphael died unexpectedly on Good (24) _______________, the 6th of April, 1520. Vasari wrote: “He was laid out in the room where he last worked, and at his head hung his painting of the transfigured Christ, which he completed for Cardinal de’ (25) _______________. The contrast between the picture, which was so full of life, and the dead body filled everyone who saw it with bitter pain.” 26 Raphael painted The Transfiguration c. 1519-1520. The “c.” stands for “circa.” What does circa mean? __________________________________________________ 3 Directions: Complete the flow map below to make clear what happened after “Raphael … was born in Urbino, Italy on Good Friday, the 6th of April, 1483.” Use the underlined verbs and verb phrases as a guide. “Raphael … was born in Urbino, Italy on Good Friday, the 6th of April, 1483.” 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Directions: Summarize this reading in one full paragraph. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4