Download Genetics Quiz Review Terms

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Genetics Quiz Review
Terms
1. _________________ choosing plants or animals to cross in order to get desirable traits
(2 words)
2. _________________ an allele that only shows up when no dominant allele is present
Word Bank
Alleles
Chromosome
Dominant
3. _________________ having two alleles that are the same
Fertilization
4. _________________ changing the DNA sequence to change a gene or move a
desirable gene from one organism to another (2 words)
Gene
Gene therapy
5. _________________ a characteristic that is passed from parent to offspring
6. _________________ a change in the DNA code that may or may not cause a change in
a trait
7. _________________ long strands of DNA that are made of many genes
8. _________________ an allele that always shows up when present
Genetic engineering
Heredity
Heterozygous
Homozygous
Mutation
9. _________________ sections of DNA that tend to move to new locations
Pedigree
10. _________________ curing genetic diseases by fixing defective genes in a patient (2
words)
11. _________________ the transfer of pollen that leads to fertilization in plants
12. _________________ a chart that shows the passing down of a trait across generations
13. _________________ a portion of a chromosome that controls a trait
Pollination
Punnett square
Recessive
Selective breeding
Trait
14. _________________ the passing of traits from one generation to the next
Transposon
15. _________________ a chart that helps determine the probability of a trait being
inherited (2 words)
16. _________________ the uniting of an egg and sperm that combines their genes
17. _________________ different forms or versions of a gene
18. _________________ having two alleles that are different
Punnett Squares
Round Watermelon vs. Long Watermelon
o Watermelon with round fruit is dominant over watermelon with long, oval fruit.
o Let F = round watermelon
o Let f = long, oval watermelon
o Cross a purebred round watermelon (FF) with a purebred long watermelon (ff).
1. What are the percentage odds of getting seeds that produce round watermelons? __________
2. What are the percentage odds of getting seeds that produce long watermelons? __________
3. If the seeds from this first cross are grown and the second generation is allowed to cross, is it possible to get
a long watermelon? ____________
Curly hair vs. Straight Hair
o
o
o
o
Curly Hair is usually dominant over straight hair in humans.
Let H = curly hair
Let h = straight hair
Cross a mother and father who both have curly hair, but had one parent with straight hair.
(Hint: they are both heterozygous.)
4. What are the percent odds of having a child with curly hair? _______________
5. What are the percent odds of having a child with straight hair? ________________
6. Would curly hair or straight hair be the trait that “skips a generation”? __________________
Long and Short Eyelashes
o Long eyelashes are dominant over short eyelashes.
o Assign a letter for the dominant and recessive alleles of this trait.
o Cross a mother who is Heterozygous with a father that is Homozygous recessive for this trait.
7. What are the percent odds that a child will be born with short eyelashes? __________
Dimples vs. No dimples
8.
9.
10.
11.
o Dimpled cheeks are dominant over cheeks without dimples.
o Assign a letter for the dominant and recessive alleles of this trait.
o Cross a father who is Heterozygous with a mother that is Homozygous dominant for this trait.
What are the percent odds of getting a child that is Heterozygous for dimpled cheeks? _________
What are the percent odds of getting a child that is Homozygous dominant? ____________
What are the percent odds of getting a child that is Homozygous recessive? ____________
Would a child that is Homozygous recessive have dimples or not? _____________
Sun Sneezer vs. Non-Sun Sneezer
o
Although it is estimated to affect only 30% of the population, the tendency to sneeze when
exposed to bright light is a dominant trait.
o Assign a capital letter for Sun Sneezers and the same letter, but lower case for Non-sun
sneezers.
o Cross a dad that is a Sun Sneezer from a long line of sun sneezers (homozygous dominant) with a mom
that is a non-sun sneezer (homozygous recessive).
12. What are the percent odds of having a child that is a sun-sneezer? _______________
13. What are the percent odds of having a child that is a non-sneezer? _______________
Sickle Cell Disease
o
o
o
o
(you can read about sickle cell disease in your textbook on page B110-B111)
Let R = normal round red blood cells
Let R0 = sickle-shaped red blood cells
Cross two parents that are both heterozygous for sickle cell disease (RR0).
14. What are the percent odds of getting a child that has sickle cell disease (R0R0)? ____________
15. What are the percent odds of getting a child that is also a carrier of sickle cell disease (RR0)? ___________
Blood Type
o (you can read about ABO blood type on page B111 of your textbook)
o Cross a person with type O blood (ii) with a person that has type AB blood (IAIB).
16. What are the percent odds of getting a child with each of the following blood types:
Type O (ii)
___________
A A
A
Type A (I I or I i)
___________
Type B (IBIB or IBi)
___________
Type AB (IAIB)
___________
17. Using the chart on page B111 of your textbook, can a person with type AB blood donate to a person with
type O blood? _______
18. What type(s) of blood can a person who is Type O receive? ____________________
Wet Ear Wax vs. Dry Ear Wax
o
Although it is nearly absent in Asian populations, wet, sticky ear wax is dominant over dry,
flaky ear wax.
o Let E = wet ear wax
o Let e = dry ear wax
o Some American servicemen who fought in Vietnam fathered children with Vietnamese
women during the war. Cross a father with wet ear wax (assume he is EE) with a woman that
had dry ear wax (ee).
19. What are the percent odds that the baby will have wet ear wax? ___________
o Wet ear wax is associated with a specific type of body odor and, more seriously, seems to be linked to
an increased risk for a specific type of breast cancer. This type of breast cancer was not known in native
Vietnamese before the war, but has been on the rise in generations born after the Vietnam War.
Scientists are working on a screening test that looks at the ear wax and body odor of women as an
indicator of their chances of developing this type of cancer.
20. Could a Vietnamese boy with an American father pass on the allele for wet ear wax (and perhaps breast
cancer) to his daughters? ___________________
Pedigree Charts
Use the pedigree to answer the following questions or
fill in blanks in the following statements for #1-6
1. Is person A a male or a female? ____________
2. Person B would be a
______________________ of person M.
3. Person E would be an
_____________________ to person L.
4. Persons F and G would be
______________________ to each other.
5. Who are the parents of person H?
_____________________
6. Sketch in a baby brother for persons L and M
7. Draw a small pedigree chart for a couple that have 5 children, 3 boys and 2 girls.
Other Questions
1. Which of the following would NOT be a genetic trait? Hair color, eye color, skin color, favorite color
Explain why?
2. What macromolecule makes up the chromosomes and holds the code for how to make all the parts of a
living organism?
3. Are humans the only organism with chromosomes?
4. If a person’s parents have a trait, does that person ALWAYS inherit the same trait?
5. Are all patterns of inheritance “simple” or “Mendelian”? Give an example of a different pattern.
6. How could you tell from a person’s chromosomes whether they are a male or a female?
7. What are Pedigree charts used for?
8. If a Punnett Square shows a 1 in 4 (25%) chance of inheriting a disease, does that mean the 4th child in
the family will always get the disease? Why or why not?
Answers to Terms
1.Selective breeding 2.Recessive 3.Homozygous 4.genetic engineering 5.Trait 6.Mutation 7.Chromosome
8.Dominant 9.transposon 10.gene therapy 11.pollination 12.pedigree 13.gene 14.heredity 15.Punnett
square 16.fertilization 17.alleles 18.heterozygous
Answers to Punnett Square questions:
1. 100% 2. 0% 3. Yes 4. 75% 5. 25% 6. Straight hair 7. 50% 8. 50% 9. 50% 10. 0% 11. Not 12. 100%
13. 0% 14. 25% 15. 50% 16. Type O – 0%, Type A – 50%, Type B – 50%, Type AB – 0% 17. No 18. Only Type O
19. 100% 20. Yes
Answers to Pedigree Questions
1. male 2. Grandmother 3. Uncle 4. Brothers 5. A and B 6. (you should make a small
square in line with L and M and connect it to the line above L and M) 7. (see example )
Answers to Other Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Favorite color is not a genetic trait because it is inherited on a chromosome from your parents.
DNA
No, all living things have chromosomes.
No, some traits are recessive and seem to “skip a generation.”
No, some patterns of inheritance are more complex, like incomplete dominance, codominance, sex-linked
patterns, or even multiple allele patterns.
6. Males have an X and a Y chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes.
7. Pedigree charts are used to trace the occurrence of a trait across generations. They can be used to track
genetic disease through families.
8. No, the fourth child will not always get the disease. There is a 25% chance (1 in 4 odds) for each child born,
independent of the birth order.