Download Landforms and Landmasses of Canada

Landforms and
Landmasses of
Canada
Review
 What is...
 Elevation?
 Relief?
 Gradient?
 Geology?
Describe what landforms are, and how they are built.
What are the 4 forces that create landforms?
Name the 4 landforms that we looked at last class
Canada’s Landform regions
 A region is an area that is defined on the basis of the
presence or absence of certain characteristics.
 Think of an example of a landform around Salisbury.
Describe it.
Landform regions
 Landform regions are based on the following
characteristics.
 Age of rock (how old the rocks in the area are)
 Type of rock (is it hard, soft, shale, granite, sedimentary)
 Relief (is the area flat, mountainous, or a mixture)
 Gradient (how steep the landscape is)
 Process that has shaped the area (was there weathering,
glacial erosion, deposition etc.)
Canadian Shield
 Age of rocks: oldest rocks are 4 billion years old.
 Type of rock: granite, bedrock, and Precambrian
rock (igneous and metamorphic rock)
 Relief: relatively flat with some low mountains. 5000
feet above sea level at the highest point
 Gradient: Mainly flat areas (Plateaus), some
relatively steep rock faces.
 Process that has shaped the area:
- Moving water and ice carried Shield material to
surrounding areas, building great thickness of rock. This
eroded away at the large mountains and volcanoes
that made up the area millions of years ago. (erosion,
deposition)
Appalachian Mountains
 Age of rock: 375 million years old
 Type of rock: sedimentary
 Relief: Mountains are on average 1000 m above sea
level.
 Gradient: Mainly rolling hills and broad valleys.
 Process that has shaped the area:
- These mountains have been worn down by ice and
water. (erosion)
Western Cordillera
 Age of Rock: During Cenozoic era
 Type of Rock: Sedimentary
 Relief: series of parallel mountain ranges; the Coast
Mountains, the Colombia Mountains, and the Rocky
Mountains. Averaging 3000 meters above sea level.
 Gradient: Mountains- steep, plateaus- flat, deltas- flat
 Process that has shaped the area:
- Rich lands have developed from the sand and soil
deposited by the rivers.
- Deltas have formed from large amounts of soil
being deposited into the mouth of the river where it
meets with the ocean.
Innuitian Mountains
 Age of Rocks: formed during the Mesozoic era
 Type of Rocks: Sedimentary
 Relief: Mountains that are as high as 2000 meters
above sea level.
 Gradient: very steep mountains with relatively flat
valleys.
 Process that has shaped the area:
- not old enough for erosion to have worn the
mountains down as much as in the Appalachians.
Arctic Lowlands
 Type of Rock: Sedimentary
 Relief: relatively low relief, plateaus
 Gradient: flat lowland plains, and flat plateaus
 Process that has shaped the area: Erosion due to
glacial movement has worn away at the land to leave
flatter areas.
Interior Plains
 Age of Rock: early Paleozoic to the Cenozoic eras.
 Type of Rock: chernozem; a rich soil ideal for wheat
growth. It can be up to 25 cm deep. Also called
“Black Earth”
 Relief: Relatively close to sea level.
 Gradient: flat plains divided by two escarpments; the
Manitoba Escarpment and the Missouri Coteau.
 Process that has shaped the area:
- Erosion carved out three prairie plains separated by
two long steep slopes called escarpments.
Great Lakes – St. Lawrence
Lowlands
 Age of Rocks: from the Paleozoic era
 Type of Rock: sedimentary, sand and clays
 Relief: relatively close to sea level
 Gradient: It used to be relatively mountainous, but 10
000 years ago when the area was covered over by
the Champlain Sea the water deposited large
amounts of sand and clay that filed in the valleys and
made the land relatively flat.
 Process that has shaped the area:
-The Champlain sea retreated and deposited sand
and clay, leaving the area nearly level and with an
excellent base for the formation of a fertile soil called
“brown earth.”
Hudson Bay Lowlands
 Age of Rocks: From the Paleozoic era
 Type of Rocks: Sedimentary, Podzols
 Relief: areas up to 2000 meters above sea level
 Gradient: relatively flat
 Process that has shaped the area:
-Seas, rivers and glaciers have deposited materials to
make the area mainly flat.