Download The Growth of European Kingdoms and Crusades

The Growth of European
Kingdoms and Crusades
Europe in the High Middle Ages
England and the Magna Carta
-King
Alfred the Great united Angles and Saxons in 9th
century
-In 1066, William of Normandy with his knights, invaded
England and crowned himself King of England
-William the first to take a census since the Roman Empire
Henry II 1154-1189
Henry increased power of English monarchy, took property
away, increased criminal cases and established “common
law”
Attempted to control the Church and punish clergymenchallenged by Archbishop Thomas Becket so Henry had him
murdered!
King John and the Magna Carta
Nobles challenged authority of the King by writing the Magna Carta in 1215 or
Great Charter
-This outlined the rights of nobles and limited the power of the Kings which led to
the eventual “limited or constitutional monarchy” still in place today in England.
In Reign of Edward I-Parliament was created made up of 2 knights from each
county, 2 commoners from every town and all nobles and bishops-House of Lords
and House of Commons
France and the Capetian Kings
Hugh
Philip II
French Kings-little real power...at first
During this time, French kings controlled only the area around Paris-dukes had the
real power
Philip II, 1180-1223, expanded power by fighting wars with England, gaining
Normandy, Anjou and other lands
-Louis IX, was very religious and named “Saint” by Catholic Church and heard
people’s complaints in person
Philip the Fair 1285-1314 made France the largest and best governed monarchy
in Europe, created 3 Estates, or meeting of the Estates General-Clergy, Nobles
and peasants-first met in 1302
Holy Roman Empire??
Eastern portion of Frankish Kingdom-became Germany, ruled first by Otto I
-Otto brought the Church under his control by offering protection and in return
Pope crowned him “Holy Roman Empire” in 962
German Kings Frederick I and II both tried to land grab in Italy to create new
empires, Pope feared he wanted Rome so defeated him with Italian alliance
-Constant struggles between popes and Holy Roman Emperors-left actual
German lands in hands of nobles, hence no strong monarchical state-no real
Germany or Italy, rather very loose confederations of multiple states
Breakdown of Church Structure
Popes were given a ring and a staff and were official heads of the Church
-Pope Gregory ended “lay investiture” or choosing church officials by regular nonchurch people, and said only the Church could appoint church officials
Under Pope Innocent, the “interdict” was used which forbade priests from
performing the “Sacraments” to certain people unless King in that region did what
the pope wanted.
Homework-Religious orders
What role did the following play in the Roman Catholic Church? pages 238-240
Cistercians
Women
Franciscans
Dominicans
Purpose of Inquisitions and heresy
Influence of Church in daily lives and importance of “relics”