Download Geometry 7.g.4

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Pomona Unified Math News
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Domain: 7 Grade Geometry (G)
7.G.4 Know the formulas for the area and circumference of a circle and use them to solve problems; give an
informal derivation of the relationship between the circumference and area of a circle.
Suggested Standards for
Mathematical Practice (MP):
MP.1 Make sense of problems and persevere in
solving them. MP.2 Reason abstractly and
quantitatively. These two standards will be
addressed as students investigate the relationship
between circumference and area. MP.3 Construct
viable arguments and critique the reasoning of
others. As students develop an understanding
between circumference and area they explain the
relationship to each other and critique each other
while doing so. MP.4 Model with
mathematics.MP.5 Use appropriate tools
strategically. MP.6 Attend to precision. Students
will work on these math practices as they apply
their learning of circumference to real world
examples. While doing so, students must be precise
with measurements as well as numbers, taking note
of decimal values. MP.7 Look for and make use
of structure. MP.8 Look for and express
regularity in repeated reasoning. Since the
relationship between circumference and area only
varies based on radius and/or diameter and the
increases / decreases of measurement, students can
look for patterns in usage of the Circumference and
Area formulas.
Vocabulary: (Note: Vocabulary will be taught in the context of the lesson, not before or separate from the lesson)
Adjacent angles: Two angles that share a common
side and a common vertex, but do not overlap. In
the figure below, the two angles ∠PSQ and ∠PSR
overlap. Although they share a common side (PS)
and a common vertex (S), they are not considered
adjacent angles. But ∠PSQ and ∠QSR are as they
share a common vertex, S, and a common side SQ.
Radius: The distance from the center of a circle to
a point on the circle. The radius is ½ the diameter.
The radius to the circle below is 8 cm.
Diameter: the distance from one side of the circle
to the other. The diameter to the circle below is
2(8 cm) = 16 cm since the radius is ½ the diameter,
the diameter would then be two times the radius.
Supplementary angles: Two angles whose
measures add up to 180°
Complementary angles: Two angles whose
measures add up to 90°
Vertical angles: A pair of non-adjacent angles
formed by the intersection of two straight lines. In
the figure below, <JQL and <KQM are vertical
angles.
Area: Area is a measure of how much space there is
on a flat surface. For example two sheets of paper
have twice the area of a single sheet of the same
size, because there is twice as much space to write
on. Area is measured in square units. "8 square
meters" is written as 8 m2.
Circumference: The distance around the edge of a
circle. The formula for the area of a circle of radius
r units is given by C= 2𝜋r
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Pomona Unified Math News
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Domain: 7 Grade Geometry (G)
7.G.4 Know the formulas for the area and circumference of a circle and use them to solve problems; give an
informal derivation of the relationship between the circumference and area of a circle.
Parallelogram: A quadrilateral with both pairs of
opposite sides parallel. (See Figure 2 below)
Pi: Pi is an irrational number, approximately equal
to 3.142. It is the circumference of any circle
divided by its diameter. The symbol for pi is the
Greek letter π.
Base: A base is one side of a polygon, usually used
as a reference side for other measurements. Most
often used with triangles.
Height: height is the altitude, or the perpendicular
distance from the base to the opposite vertex of a
polygon.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Connections:
- Students understand the relationship between
radius and diameter.
- Students understand that the ratio of
circumference to diameter can be expressed as
Pi. Building on these understandings, students
generate the formulas for circumference and
area.
The illustration below shows the relationship
between the circumference and area. If a circle is
cut into wedges and laid out as shown below, a
parallelogram results.
Half of an end wedge can be moved to the other
end and a parallelogram results. The height of the
parallelogram is the same as the radius of the circle.
The base length is ½ the circumference (2𝜋𝑟). The
area of the parallelogram (and therefore the circle)
is found by the following calculations:
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Circle.html
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 = 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ½(2𝜋𝑟) × 𝑟
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝜋𝑟2
Explanation and Examples:
Students solve problems (mathematical and realworld) including finding the area of leftover
materials when circles are cut from squares and
triangles or from cutting squares and triangles from
circles. “Know the formula” does not mean only
memorization of the formula. To “know” means to
have an understanding of why the formula works
and how the formula relates to the measure (area
and circumference) and the figure. This should be
an expectation for ALL students.
Example 1:
The seventh grade class is building a mini golf
game for the school carnival. The end of the putting
green will be a circle. If the circle is 10 feet in
diameter, how many square feet of grass carpet will
they need to buy to cover the circle?
Sample Answer:
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 !
A = 𝜋(5)2
A = 25 𝜋
A = 78.5 ft2
How might you communicate this information to
the salesperson to make sure you receive a piece of
carpet that is the correct size?
Sample Answer:
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Pomona Unified Math News
th
Domain: 7 Grade Geometry (G)
7.G.4 Know the formulas for the area and circumference of a circle and use them to solve problems; give an
informal derivation of the relationship between the circumference and area of a circle.
I would ask the salesperson to sell me a square
piece of grass carpet that is 10 ft. by 10 ft. Once I
have that, I can then cut and measure out a circle
that covers only 78.5 ft2.
Example 2:
Use a circle as a model to make several equal parts
as you would in a pie model. The greater number
the cuts, the better. The pie pieces should then be
laid out to form a shape similar to a parallelogram.
Next, write an expression for the area of the
parallelogram related to the radius
(Note: the length of the base of the parallelogram is
half the circumference, or πr, and the height is r,
resulting in an area of πr2.
Sample Response
How many more inches of silver wire did the artist
use compared to cooper wire? (Use π = 3.14)
Show all work necessary to justify your response.
Sample Response:
Each side of the square has a length of :
40 × ¼ = 10 inches.
The radius of the circle is
10/2 = 5 inches,
So the circumference of the circle is
2×𝜋×5
= 10 × 3.14
= 31.4 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠.
The perimeter of the square minus the
circumference of the circle is
40 − 31.4 = 8.6 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠.
Common Misconceptions:
-
Area of a Rectangle: length x width
A = 𝜋r x r
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 !
Example 4:
An artist used silver wire to make a square that has
a perimeter of 40 inches. She then used copper wire
to make the largest circle that could fit in the
square, as shown below.
The circle is said to be inscribed in the square and
the square is said to be circumscribed about the
circle.
Students may believe that Pi is an exact number
rather than understanding that 3.14 is just an
approximation of pi.
Many students are confused when dealing with
circumference (linear measurement) and area.
This confusion is about an attribute that is
measured using linear units (surrounding) vs. an
attribute that is measured using area units
(covering).
Instructional Strategies:
This is the students’ initial work with circles. It
occurs in 7th grade as this is when irrational
numbers are introduced. Working with π requires an
understanding of irrational numbers.
Knowing that a circle is created by connecting all
the points equidistant from a point (center) is
essential to understanding the relationships between
radius, diameter, circumference, pi and area.
**Students can observe this by folding a paper
plate several times, finding the center at the
intersection, then measuring the lengths between
the center and several points on the circle, the
radius. Measuring the folds through the center, or
diameters leads to the realization that a diameter is
!
!
Pomona Unified Math News
th
Domain: 7 Grade Geometry (G)
7.G.4 Know the formulas for the area and circumference of a circle and use them to solve problems; give an
informal derivation of the relationship between the circumference and area of a circle.
two times a radius.
Given multiple-size circles, students should then
explore the relationship between the radius and the
length measure of the circle (circumference) finding
an approximation of pi and ultimately deriving a
formula for circumference. String or yarn laid over
the circle and compared to a ruler can be used for
this estimate of the circumference.
This same process can be followed in finding the
relationship between the diameter and the area of a
circle by using grid paper to estimate the area.
Another visual for understanding the area of a circle
can be modeled by cutting up a paper plate into 16
pieces along diameters and reshaping the pieces
into a parallelogram. This is similar to the activity
described above.
In figuring area of a circle, the squaring of the
radius can also be explained by showing a circle
inside a square. Again, the formula is derived and
then learned. After explorations, students should
then solve problems, set in relevant contexts, using
the formulas for area and circumference.
In previous grades, students studied angles
according to size: acute, obtuse and right, and their
role as an attribute in polygons.
Now angles are considered based upon special
relationships that can exist among them:
supplementary, complementary, vertical and
adjacent angles.
Provide students the opportunities to explore these
relationships first through measuring and finding
the patterns among the angles formed by
intersecting lines or within polygons, and then
utilize the relationships to write and solve equations
for multi-step problems.
Real-world and mathematical multi-step problems
that require finding area, perimeter, volume, surface
area of figures composed of triangles,
quadrilaterals, polygons, cubes and right prisms
should reflect situations relevant to seventh
graders. The computations should make use of
formulas and involve whole numbers, fractions,
decimals, ratios and various units of measure with
same system conversions.
Web Help Links (Use a QR scanner to take you
directly to the website)
https://learnzillion.com/resources/53011
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