Download Unit 4 Learning and Cognitive Processes

Ch.9 L.1
September 30, 2011
Unit 4 Learning and Cognitive Processes
Chapter 9 ­ Learning: Principles and Applications
Lesson 1 ­ Classical Conditioning
Objectives:
Describe the principles of classical conditioning
Outline the techniques of classical conditioning
Sep 26­9:33 AM
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Ch.9 L.1
September 30, 2011
Learning
What is learning?
How do we know that learning has occurred?
What factors, other than learning, can influence performance?
Sep 26­9:37 AM
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Ch.9 L.1
September 30, 2011
Learning
Learning can be defined as a relatively permanent change in behaviour that results from experience
Sep 26­9:48 AM
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Ch.9 L.1
September 30, 2011
Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning is a learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned, neutral stimulus.
Neutral Stimulus ­ a stimulus that does not initially elicit a response (tuning fork)
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) ­ an event that elicits a certain predictable response without previous training (meat)
Unconditioned Response (UCR) ­ An organism's automatic (or natural) reaction to a stimulus (salivation)
Conditioned Stimulus (CS) ­ An ordinarily neutral event that, after training, leads to a response.
Conditioned Response (CR) ­ The learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus
Sep 26­9:45 AM
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Ch.9 L.1
September 30, 2011
Classical Conditioning
Sep 26­9:39 AM
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Ch.9 L.1
September 30, 2011
Principles of Classical Conditioning
Generalization ­ When an animal responds to a second stimulus similar to the original CS, without prior training (dogs responded to an oval as well as a circle)
Discrimination ­ The ability to respond differently to similar but distinct stimuli. (dentist's drill, other drills)
Extinction ­ The gradual disappearance of a CR when the CS is repeatedly presented without the UCS. (eg ­ car accident)
­how can this be applied to daily life?
Think of examples from your own experience in which you have developed a conditioned response
Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response Similar Stimulus Sep 26­10:07 AM
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Ch.9 L.1
September 30, 2011
Classical Conditioning and Human Behaviour
We have Watson and Rayner's experiment with little Albert and the rat (1920). For this experiment, identify:
UCS
UCR
CS
CR
How did this experiment also show the principal of generalization?
Mowrer's "bell and pad" ­ how does this use classical conditioning?
Sep 30­9:46 AM
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