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Athens vs. Sparta GREEK VS GREEK location How would people describe your country’s… • • • • • • • Government Education Social Structure Allies Military Strength Lifestyle Cultural Achievement Comparison Activity • In groups you will complete a chart comparing different features of Athens and Sparta • In groups of 2 you will create a chart comparing: – – – – – – – – – – – Location Government Education Social Structure Allies Military Strength Lifestyle Cultural Achievement Role of Women Food Population Athens Sparta Population / Location Government Social Structure Allies/Military Lifestyle/Values Education Role of Women Cultural Achievement Food Population Athens By 432 B.C. largest citystate – 150,000 Athenians – 50,000 non-citizens and 100,000 slaves Sparta • 8,000 adult males • Over 100,000 slaves and semi-enslaved people Government Athens • Direct democracy • Elected officials including 10 generals, magistrates • Council of 500: administer decision made by Assembly • Assembly: all male citizens; passed laws • Trial by jury • • • • • • Sparta Oligarchy: rule by few Combination of different forms of gov. Two kings: led army 5 Overseers: ran day-today operations of Sparta; had veto power Senate: 28 men over 60; elected for life; acted as judges; proposed legislation Assembly: all Spartan males Social Structure Athens • Freemen: all male citizens • Upper: Aristocrats – Land owners – Naval captains and military leaders • • • • Middle: small farmers Lower: craftsman Metics: foreigners Slaves: treated less harshly than other Greek citystates Sparta • Spartiates: Land owning military professionals • Perioeci: foreigners who were craftsman, artisans • Helots: serfs (farmers) who worked on the Spartiates land – Gave 1/2 of all their produce to Spartiates / military Social structure • ATHENS – FREEMEN • ARISTOCRATS • SMALL FARMERS • URBAN CRAFTSMEN & TRIREME ROWERS – METICS – CAME FROM OUTSIDE ATHENS; NOT ALLOWED TO OWN LAND – SLAVES – LOWEST CLASS, NO RIGHTS, PROPERTY OF MASTERS • SPARTA – SPARTIATES – MILITARY PROFESSIONALS/ CITIZENS – OUTSIDERS – FREEMEN; ARTISANS, CRAFTSMEN, MERCHANTS – HELOTS – CONQUERED PEOPLES; TREATED LIKE SLAVES; OWED 50% OF PRODUCE TO SPARTIATES Allies/Military Athens • Delian League: collection of city-states that pledged loyalty to Athens – Athens taxed them for protection • Athens had very strong navy Sparta • Peloponnesian League: • Superior army on land • Entire culture was focused on the art of war MILITARY • The Spartan warrior was the most feared soldier in Greece • The Athenian trireme allowed the navy to protect the Athenian way of life Lifestyle / Values • • • • • Athens Democratic values Participation in government a civic responsibility Many religious holidays Theatre / sporting events Trading empire brought contact with many other cultures Sparta • Militaristic values • Citizens were not permitted to own luxuries • Children were taught to respect elderly, women, and warriors Education • • • • Athens Schools taught reading, writing and mathematics, music, poetry, sport and gymnastics Ages 5-14 (wealthy went until 18) Academies were set up to study philosophy, rhetoric, and ethics Girls were taught homemaking skills Sparta • Boys: at age 7 they were taken from their parents and taught the art of war – Had to steal to survive – At age 20 they entered the military – At age 20 they were able to marry • Girls: at age 7 they were reading and writing, gymnastics, athletics and survival skills EDUCATION • Athens – No formal education for girls – Boys learned rhetoric, mathematics, reading writing, poetry, music, gymnastics • Sparta – Military school at age 7 for boys – Lived in barracks and stole to survive – Girls learned athletics Role of Women Athens • Women were kept at home • Could not participate in athletics • Some women held high posts at religious ceremonies Sparta • Girls were educated • Could participate in sports • Goal was to produce healthy babies • Married at 18 • Enjoyed a great deal of freedom • Could own and control their property • Expected to protect land while husband was at war Women’s roles • Athenian: – sequestered in the home – not educated – responsible for handicrafts and textiles • Spartan: – Controlled home and land when husbands were fighting – “Come back with your shield, or on it.” Food Athens • Enjoyed food from all over the empire • Trade brought goods from all over the Mediterranean region Sparta • Spartan Broth: pork, blood, salt, vinegar • Trained to dislike luxuries and fancy food • Men lived separate from wives for much of the time Cultural Achievement Athens • Art – Sculptures – Pottery • • • • • • • • Architecture Drama Literature Philosophy Science Medicine Mathematics Democracy Sparta • Military supremacy • Simple lifestyle • “ideal” community Athenian legacy – Philosophy, architecture, drama, art Athens – birthplace of democracy • Adult male citizens directly participated in affairs of the state • Trial by a jury selected by lot • Ostracism – people could be banished from Athens by vote • Council of 500, the Assembly Discussion • • • • • If you were a young teenage girl of the citizen class, in which city-state would you rather live? Why? If you were a slave, in which would you rather live? Why? If you were a boy of the citizen class, in which would you rather live? Why? If you were a young soldier, in which would you rather live? Why? If you were a very wealthy person of the citizen class, in which would you rather live? Why?