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Notes: Earth’s Atmosphere Layers & Heat Transfer
Name ____________
Evolution of the Atmosphere:
I. The early atmosphere did not support life. It contained deadly gases such as ______________ and
__________________. There was very little _____________________.
II. Over time, gases were added to the atmosphere by ______________________, and as a result of
chemical reactions due to sunlight.
III. The ___________ ___________ formed as a result of the chemical reactions. Ozone (O3) is made of
three _____________ atoms bonded together. It blocks out _________________________ from the sun.
IV. The formation of the ozone layer allowed __________________________ such as Blue-Green Algae
to appear on earth. In Photosynthesis they take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and release oxygen (O), so the
amount of OXYGEN in the atmosphere steadily _________________________.
V. Stromatolites were some of the early organisms that used ______________________ to convert CO2
into Oxygen. They still exist today and have survived 5 mass extinctions! “Photo”=__________
Today’s Atmosphere
Label the graph with the composition of today’s atmosphere.
Layers of the Atmosphere
The atmosphere is divided into four layers: ________________________,
_____________________, _________________________, and __________________________.
The layers are divided based on ______________________________ within each layer.
Use the graphs to answer the following questions:
1.
What is the approximate temperature at ground level? ___________________
2.
What is the approximate temperature at the top of the troposphere? _____________
3.
Does temperature increase or decrease as you move up through the troposphere?
4.
What is the approximate temperature at the top of the stratosphere? _____________
5.
Does temperature increase or decrease as you move up through the stratosphere?
6.
What is the temperature at the top of the mesosphere? ______________
7.
Does temperature increase or decrease as you move up through the mesosphere?
8.
Does temperature increase or decrease as you move up through the thermosphere?
Characteristics of Each Layer:
Troposphere: contains ___________________ ____________________ caused by the Sun’s heat, these
convection currents cause most of our ____________________________.
Stratosphere: contains the ______________ ______________ which prevents most of the harmful
Ultraviolet radiation, __________________, from reaching Earth’s surface. Also where airplanes _______.
Mesosphere: ____________________________________ when they hit this layer.
Thermosphere: Divided into the ionosphere and exosphere. __________________ & ________________
travel in this layer. This is the ___________________ layer. (Therm = ________________)
Ionosphere: _________________ __________________. Contains electrically charged particles
due to absorption of ultraviolet radiation and X-rays that are given off by the sun.
__________________________can be seen in this layer. ___________________ travel easily in this layer.
SOL REVIEW: Aurora Borealis  A glow in the night sky produced in the upper
atmosphere by ionized particles from the solar wind interacting with Earth’s
magnetic field (increases with solar flares.)
Exosphere: ___________________________________. Air is extremely thin.
_________________________ travel here because there is very little friction with air
Transfer of Heat
Heat can move in three ways:
1- Conduction: Heat is transferred through ___________________________________
Example:
2- Convection: Heat is transferred by a ___________________________________________________
Example:
3- Radiation: Heat is transferred by _____________________________________________________
Example:
Heat moves into our atmosphere through _____________________________________________.
Heat moves throughout (within) the atmosphere in ______________________________________.