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Transcript
Chapter 5d Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Explain the need for IPv6 addressing. Describe the representation of an IPv6 address. Describe types of IPv6 network addresses. Configure global unicast addresses. Describe multicast addresses. 5.6.1 How to conserve the IP’s? Tried NAT Private IP addresses inside network One or few public IP addresses Tried CIDR Classless inter-domain routing Subnetting a subnetted address further Came up with IPv6 5.6.1 128 bits 8 sets (hextets) of four hex digits Ridiculous Every device can have unique address Eliminates IP conservation Written amounts of addresses in hex separated by : FE22:00FF:002D:0000:0000:0000:3012:CCE3 Rule 1: omit leading zeros Remove 00FF can be FF 0000 can be 0 What zeros before other hex digits can this be reduced down to? FE22:00FF:002D:0000:0000:0000:3012:CCE3 Rule Use 2: omit all zero hextets :: for multiple zero-value fields FE22:00FF:002D:0000:0000:0000:3012:CCE3 FE22:FF:2D::3012:CCE3 Can only do this once within address Can’t tell how many fields it represents 2001:0:0:34D0:0:0:9F77:2854 2001::34D0::9F77:2854 More examples next slide CAN NOT be… Incorrect 2001:0DB8::ABCD::1234 What address: could it be??? 2001:0DB8::ABCD:0000:0000:1234 2001:0DB8::ABCD:0000:0000:0000:1234 2001:0DB8:0000:ABCD::1234 2001:0DB8:0000:0000:ABCD::1234 7.2.2.4 Practicing IPv6 Representations Compress addresses into short form Handout Reduce the IPv6 addresses to short form IPv6 Overview WATCH ON YOUR OWN What are 2 ways to shorten up an IPv6 address? Omit all zero groups Omit leading zeros How 128 bits An A IPv6 address is shown in what? Hex hextet is how many bits? 16 bits Each many bits in an IPv6 address? hextet is separated by what? Colon : 5.6.1 Prefix= Network ID Interface ID= Host ID ISP SUB SITE NET Network ID is called prefix Represented at end by a slash 805B:2D9D:DC28:0000:0000:FC57:D4C8:1FFF/48 1st 48 bits 805B:2D9D:DC28::FC57:D4C8:1FFF/48 (SHORTENED) 1st 48 bits 805B:2D9D:DC28:0:0:0:0:0/48 is Network ID 805B:2D9D:DC28::/48 IPv6 Network ID (Prefix) Subnet ID has: Identifies the subnetwork in your own network Interface ID Your MAC address Like the host portion of IPv4 address 5.6.1 Unicast Multicast One to a group Anycast One to one DON’T WORRY ABOUT IT! There are NO MORE BROADCASTS! Represents Example: address assigned to your NIC Types a single interface of unicast addresses: Global unicast- like a reg. IPv4 public address Link-local- stays within LAN; not routable Loopback- tests your NIC/if IP is working; ::1 Unique local- like NAT, unroutable Global Unicast Address Link-local Address Public Similar to a public IPv4 address Begins address with 2000:: 2001:: reserved for examples Every NIC MUST have one Begin with FE80::/10 (FE8, FE9, FEA, FEB) For communicating within the LAN only Unroutable Auto-configured Combo of FE80 and the MAC address Also used between routers to exchange routing tables & as next-hop IP addresses Tests ::1 TCP/IP on your NIC 7.2.3.5 Drag the IPv6 address type to its description. Name 3 common types of IPv6 unicast addresses. What are the 3 parts of an IPv6 address? Prefix Which part is identifiable in your network? Prefix, subnet ID, interface ID Which part identifies the network & will be the same on every device in your network? Global, link local, loopback Subnet ID Which part is the MAC address of your device? Interface ID 5.6 Dual stack Runs both IPv4 & IPv6 at same time Tunneling Sending an IPv6 packet over IPv4 network Translation NAT64 Translates the packets from IPv4 to v6 & back Static Stateless DHCPv6 Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) Can assign IP address by itself (without DHCP server) based on info from router IPv6 router sends RA (router advertisements) As a multicast, every 200 seconds Or a PC can send a RS (router solicitation) asking for address These are ICMPv6 messages TestOut 5.6.9: Configure an IP Address Complete this lab TestOut 5.6.10: Practice Questions What is the term for running both IPv4 & IPv6 at the same time on your network? Dual stack What allows IPv6 packets to be sent over an IPv4 network, between routers? Tunneling What process allows a host to automatically get an IPv6 address from the router? SLAAC What address is created automatically for inside the network communication? Link local address The link local (inside only) address begins with what? The global unicast address will begin with what? 2000:: A host getting an address from a router using SLAAC sends and receives what? FE80 RA and RS What would the shortened version of this IPv6 address be? 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329 2001:db8::ff00:42:8329 What kind of message is NOT used in IPv6 but used in IPv4? Broadcasts A multicast IPv6 message is sent to all hosts in a network. What will the address begin with? FF00-FF02 8.3 For both IPv4 & v6 Echo request/reply Is H2 reachable? Destination or host unreachable Yes, I’m here! Time exceeded (TTL) IPv6 uses hop limit When reaches 0, you get time exceeded message An ICMP ping is the same on IPv4 & IPv6 networks. What 3 things does it test/tell you? RTT (time it takes to get there and back), if it’s reachable, and route redistribution (better route within network to take) What kind of test is an echo request/reply? Ping How would you test if TCP/IP is working on your NIC? Ping ::1 Complete Take the study guide handout the quiz on netacad.com Jeopardy review In this chapter, you learned: There are three types of IPv6 addresses: unicast, multicast, and anycast. An IPv6 link-local address enables a device to communicate with other IPv6-enabled devices on the same link and only on that link (subnet). Packets with a source or destination link-local address cannot be routed beyond the link from where the packet originated. IPv6 link-local addresses are in the FE80::/10 range. ICMP is available for both IPv4 and IPv6. Chapter 5d