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Introduction to Basic Component of Computer System Vinay Bajpai vinayb @ iiserb.ac.in Computer Center Indian Institute of Science Education And Research Bhopal Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal About Course Structure - Ishan Vikas & NCERT Nurturance Program Day 1 • Basic Component of a Computer System • Hardware & Software • System Software & Application Software • Operating System • Client Server Architecture • Computer Centre (CC) Visit Day 2 • Linux Basic Commands • Programming - Linux Scripting Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal About Course Structure - Ishan Vikas & NCERT Nurturance Program Day 3 • Computer Network • Internet • Internet Addressing – Internet Protocol (IP) • Internet – Videos on new technologies Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal Basic Component of Computer System Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal Basic Component of Computer System • CPU (Central Processing Unit) • Main Memory – ROM (Read Only Memory) RAM (Random Access Memory) • Storage Memory – HDD (Hard Disk Drive) CD ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory) • Input Units – Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick, Scanner, Video/Audio Input devices etc. • Output Units – VDU (Visual Display Unit), Printer, Headphone, Speaker, Projector etc. Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal Basic Component of Computer System Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal Hardware/Software Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal Hardware • Hardware – That we can TOUCH......! Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal Software • Collection of Computer Programs and Related Data. Bunch of Computer Programs & Related Data Application Software System Software Database Operating System Word Processing Assembler Spread Sheets Compilers Games File Mgmt. Tool Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal Introduction to Operating System Computer Center Indian Institute of Science Education And Research Bhopal Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal Operating System • Interface between User Shell and Computer Hardware. • Set of System Software programs, that helps application programs to use Computer Hardware. • Task • Controlling of I/O (Input/Output) devices. • File Management. • System Control and Memory Allocation. • Handling of System request. Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal Operating System User Application Operating System Hardware Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal Operating System Application Programs System Programs Operating System HARDWARE Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal Operating System • Types of Operating System • Multi-User • Multiprocessing • Multitasking • Multithreading • Real Time Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal Operating System • Multi-User •Allows two or more users to run program simultaneously. • Multiprocessing • Program running on more than one CPU. • Multitasking • More than one program running concurrently. • Multithreading • Allows different parts of one program to run concurrently. • Real Time • Offers application request nearly real-time. Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal Examples of Operating System Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal Operating System • DOS (Disk Operating System) • Microsoft Windows (MS-Windows) • UNIX • LINUX • Apple - MAC Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal MS-Windows Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal Microsoft Windows Operating System • Microsoft Corporation announced on November 10, 1983, in New York City, a next-generation operating system that would provide a graphical user interface (GUI) and a multitasking environment for IBM computers. • The first version of GUI based operating system named as WINDOWS, introduced by Microsoft Corporation in November 1985. • It has more than 85% market share of the client operating system in world. • Recent version of Windows is: • Windows 10 • Windows Server 2008 R2 (Server OS) Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal UNIX Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal UNIX Operating System • Unix is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system. • You can have many users logged into a system simultaneously, each running many programs. • It's the kernel's job to keep each process and user separate and to regulate access to system hardware, including CPU, Memory, Disk and other I/O devices. Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal UNIX Operating System • First Version was created in Bell Labs in 1969. • Some of the Bell Labs programmers who had worked on this project, Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Rudd Canaday, and Doug McIlroy designed and implemented the first version of the Unix File System on a PDP-7 along with a few utilities. It was given the name UNIX by Brian Kernighan. Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal UNIX Operating System • 1973 Unix is re-written mostly in C, a new language developed by Dennis Ritchie. • Being written in this high-level language greatly decreased the effort needed to port it to new machines. • 1977 There were about 500 Unix sites world-wide. • 1980 BSD 4.1 (Berkeley Software Development) • 1983 SunOS, BSD 4.2, System V • 1988 AT&T and Sun Microsystems jointly develop System V Release 4 (SVR4). This later developed into UnixWare and Solaris 2. • 1991 Linux was originated. Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal LINUX Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal LINUX Operating System • Linux is a free Unix-type operating system originally created by Linus Torvalds with the assistance of developers around the world. • It originated in 1991 as a personal project of Linus Torvalds, a Finnish graduate student. • The Kernel version 1.0 was released in 1994 and today the most recent stable version is 2.6.9 • Developed under the GNU General Public License , the source code for Linux is freely available to everyone. Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal LINUX Operating System • Mandriva http://www.mandriva.com • RedHat http://www.redhat.com • Fedora http://fedoraproject.org • SuSE/Novell http://www.novell.com/Linux, http://opensuse.org • Debian http://www.debian.org • Ubantu (Debian Release) http://www.ubantu.com Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal Apple- MAC Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal Apple - MAC Operating System • A first GUI base operating systems developed by Apple Inc. (formerly Apple Computer, Inc.) for their Macintosh line of computer systems. • Apple would later name the "Mac OS“ first introduced in 1984 with the original Macintosh, usually referred to simply as the System software. Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal About Client Server Architecture Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal Client/Server Architecture Client - Requester/Application/System Eg: Desktops/Laptop/Smart Phones/Workstation • That can access some services hosted on remote location by using network resources. • Small in SIZE. • Use at a single location. • Portable computers such as Laptop. • Powerful than PC in terms of Processing, Memory, Graphics. • Designed for technical and scientific applications. Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal Client/Server Architecture Server – Powerful Machine or Clusters Eg: • Who serves the request. • That provides essential services to clients/other computer programs and their users. • Group of linked computers. • Working together like a Single Computer. • Commonly used for HPC (High Performance Computing), HA (High Availability), Load Balancing. Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal Client/Server Architecture • Servers commonly contain data files and applications that can be accessed across the network, by workstations or employee computers. • An employee who wants to access company-wide data files, for instance, would use his or her client computer to access the data files on the server. • Other employees may use a common-access application by accessing the server through their client computers. • Server is not just for storage, however we can use it for HPC (High Performance Computing). Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal Client/Server Architecture Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal Client/Server Architecture CLIENTS 1. Request for particular web page. 3. Terminal browser displays the page. WEB SERVER 2. Server locate the file and send back to user’s terminal. Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal IF U Have ANY …………… Thank U Computer Center | Network Group IISER Bhopal