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Global Forces Notes for the Student Study Guide Continental Deflection Global Forces Transparency Equator Earth’s Rotation Continental Deflection Since the Earth’s surface is not fully covered by water, currents cannot move freely around the world. So when surface currents meet continents, they deflect, or change direction. 2 1 3 Predict what will happen with each labeled area. Continental Deflection Global Forces Transparency Coriolis Effect Equator Earth’s Rotation Coriolis Effect The Earth’s rotation causes surface currents to move in curved paths rather than in a straight line. North Pole Earth’s Rotation Continental Deflection Global Winds Global Forces Transparency Coriolis Effect Equator Earth’s Rotation Global Winds Global winds are affected by their latitude and the Coriolis Effect. In the tropics winds blow from the east to the west. In more temperate areas, the winds blow from the west to the east. Near the poles the winds blow from the east to the west. Polar Easterlies Westerlies Tradewinds Tradewinds Westerlies Polar Easterlies Continental Deflection Global Winds Global Forces Transparency Coriolis Effect Deep Ocean Currents Equator Earth’s Rotation Deep Ocean Currents • Deep cold currents move water toward the equator. • Cold water rises to replace warm water leaving. • Warm water travels near the surface toward polar regions. • Warm water replaces cold water. Continental Deflection Since the Earth’s surface is not fully covered by water, currents cannot move freely around the world. So when surface currents meet continents, they deflect, or change direction. Coriolis Effect The Earth’s rotation causes surface currents to move in curved paths rather than in a straight line. Equator Earth’s Rotation Global Forces Transparency Global Winds Global winds are affected by their latitude and the Coriolis Effect. In the tropics winds blow from the east to the west. In more temperate areas, the winds blow from the west to the east. Near the poles the winds blow from the east to the west. Deep Ocean Currents Deep cold currents move water toward the equator. Cold water rises to replace warm water leaving. Warm water travels near the surface toward polar regions. Warm water replaces cold water.