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The Order Zenarthra
Anteaters
Armadillos
Sloths
Eutherian Mammals – formerly belonging to the order
Endata.
By Gerri Jesse
Members of the
mammalian order
Edentata include:
31 living species of armadillos, true anteaters, and tree sloths.
 8 families of extinct ground sloths, and armadillo-like animals.
Both groups together make up the sub-order Xenarthra.
Xenarthrans are a small group of insectivores and herbivores.
Body size is small to medium, up to 60 kg (about 132 lbs).
Used to be much more diverse and numerous.
Giant Anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla
Giant Anteater Classification & Facts
Scientific
Facts:
Kingdom: Animalia
Body length: 40 – 48
Phylum: Chordata
inches.
Class: Mammalia
Height: 28 – 35 inches.
Order: Endata
Suborder: Xenarthra
Weight: 60 – 140 pounds.
Family: Myrmecophagidae
Genus:MyrmecophagaLinnaeus Life span: 15 years/wild,
, 1758
Up to 26 years in a zoo.
Species:
M. tridactyla
With and without the fur coat.
Genus Myrmecophaga Giant Anteater
Anteater skeleton
Pup loves piggyback rides from Mom.
Species name of the Giant Anteater is:
tridactyla which means “three fingers.”
Geographic Giant Anteater Range
• The IUCN classification is
vulnerable (lower risk).
• South America hosts the
majority of today’s
surviving groups of
Xenarthrans.
• San Diego zoo.
• 5,000 Giant Anteaters left
in wild, hunting and
habitat loss.
TAMANDUA – Lesser Anteater Tamandua tetradactyla
Also know as “stinkers of the forest.”
SILKY – or Pygmy Anteater –
Cyclopes didactylus
Armadillos
Armadillos Classification and Facts
Class: Mammalia
Order: Cingulata
Family: Dasypodidae
Genus: 8 genera
Species: 20 species
Body length: smallest 3 -5
inches, largest 39 inches.
Weight: 8 ounces to 132
pounds.
Life span: 4 – 30 years.
Studies show within Xenarthra, Gestation: 60 – 150 days.
sloths and anteaters are united,
Pups: 1 – 12 in litter.
with the suborder Pilosa as a
sister group to armadillos.
Maturity: 9 – 12 months of
age.
Nine-banded or Long-nosed
Armadillo - Genus Dasypus.
The only armadillo found in the United
States – six species.
Pink Fairy Armadillo –
Genus Chlamyphorus.
The smallest armadillo - one species.
Armadillo Skeleton
Hairy Armadillo Skull
OF THE 20 SPECIES OF ARMADILLOS, ALL ARE FOUND IN THE AMERICAS,
MOST LIVE IN CENTRAL OR SOUTH AMERICA.
Giant Armadillo Genus Priodontes: The largest armadillo - One species.
Hairy Armadillos Genus Chaetophractus -Three species. (Screaming Hairy!)
Six-banded Armadillo Genus Euphractus - One species.
Greater Fairy Armadillo Genus Calyptophractus - One species.
Three-banded Armadillos Genus Tolypeutes: The only armadillos that can roll up in a
ball - Two species.
Naked-tailed Armadillos Genus Cabassous - Four species.
Pichi or Dwarf Armadillo Genus Zaedyus - One species.
BODY SIZE & FOOD SOURCE VARIES – SO DOES HABITAT AND HOME
RANGE.
Sloths
Sloth Classification
Class:
Mammalia
Order: Pilosa
Family: Megalonychidae
Genus: Choloepus
Species:
 hoffmanni (Hoffman’s)
 didactylus ( Linnaeus’)
FUN FACTS
• Grooved hair allows
water to run off & algae
to grow there.
• Camouflages in forest.
• Sloths nibble on algae for
added greens.
• Does everything hanging
upside down.
• Comes to ground once a
week to use the
bathroom.
Sloths are:
Slow-moving.
Solitary.
Arboreal, forest-dwelling.
Nocturnal.
Herbivores.
Great swimmers, doing
the breaststroke.
Found asleep in a ball in
the fork of a tree.
3-Toed Sloth
3 Claws on front and back feet.
IUCN Range Maps of the Sloth
Both listed as Least Concern/Vulnerable
Hoffman’s
Linnaeus’
Matsés Tribe & the Pelejo
• The Two-toed Sloth (pelejo,
in Spanish) is a familiar pet
in the homes.
• Often hunted and part of
their cuisine.
• Important during the
Ceremony of Comoc (the
singers) and Ceremony of
Mariwin.
Babies hang on to mom for a few months.
Dangers to sloths include habitat
destruction, logging trucks, and poaching.
Order Edentata
(2 suborders, 2 infraorders, 12+ families, 17+ genera, 36+ species)
Anteaters, Armadillos
Suborder Palaeanodonta (2+ families)
Family Mertacheiromyidae Genus Metacheiromys
Family Epoicotheriidae
Suborder Xenarthra (3 infraorders, 9+ families, 16+ genera, 35+ species)
Infraorder Loricata
Family Dasypodidae (9 genera, 20 species)
Armadillo Genus Burmeisteria Burmeisteria retusa.
Burmeister's Armadillo Genus Chaetophractus Chaetophractus villosus
Hairy Armadillo or Peludo Genus Chlamyphorus Chlamyphorus truncatus
Pink Fairy Armadillo Genus Tolypeutes
Three-banded Armadillos Genus EuphractusGenus Dasypus
Nine-banded Armadillos Dasypus novemcinctus Genus Priodontes Priodontes
Giganteus
Giant Armadillo Genus Zaedyus Zaedyus pichi
Pichi Family Peltephilidae Family Glyptodontidae
Glyptodonts Genus Doedicurus Doedicurus clavicaudatus Genus Glyptodon
Pilosa Family Orophodontidae Family Megalonychidae Ground Sloths Family Megatherlidae
Ground Sloths Family Mylodontidae Ground Sloths Family Bradypodidae (6 species) Tree
Sloth Genus Bradypus (4 species) Three-toed Sloths Genus Choloepus (2 species) Two-toed
Sloth Infraorder Vermilingua
Family Myrmecophagidae (4 species) Anteater Genus Myrmecophaga Myrmecophaga
tridactyla Giant Anteater Genus Tamandua Lesser Anteater Genus Cyclopes Cyclopes
didactylus Two-toed Anteater
Works Cited
http://alextaylorrr.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/sloth1.jpg. 17 Mar. 2011.
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/armadillo. 16 Mar. 2011.
http://comenius.susqu.edu/BI/202/Animals/DEUTEROSTOMES/CRANIATA/MAMMALIA/NineBanded-Armadillo.htm. 16 Mar. 2011.
http://consejo.bz/belize/images/animals/omnivores/silky-anteater.jpg. 16 Mar. 2011.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_Anteater. 10 Mar. 2011.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Giant_Anteater_with_child.jpg. 10 Mar. 2011.
http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1373/540658674_0870770b23_z.jpg?zz=1. 17 Mar. 2011.
http://images.search.yahoo.com/images/view?back=http%3A%2F
%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3FpArmadillo skeleton drawing. 10
Mar. 2011.
Works Cited
http://images.travelpod.com/users/margreet98/1.1241291880.two-toed-sloth.jpg. 17 Mar.
2011.
http://media1.break.com/dnet/media/2009/3/90%20Awesome%20Anteater%20Tongue.jpg. 10
Mar. 2011.
http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb
did=68287209&sid=5&Fmt=6&clientId=35813&RQT=309&VName=PQD 10 Mar. 2011.
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**http%3a//animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/enlarge/two-toed-sloth_image.html.
17 Mar. 2011.
Works Cited
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0PDoYAKd4JNMQUAHw6jzbkF/SIG=126k49cdh/EXP=1300424586/
**http%3a//funkman.org/animal/mammal/twotoedsloth.html. .17 Mar. 2011.
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0PDoS93b4JN7wUAphajzbkF/SIG=12so4hkge/EXP=1300422647/
**http%3a//www.amazon-indians.org/matses/02-Rio-Galvez-Matses-Sloth-121.html 17
Mar. 2011
http://tropicalbiology2010.providence.wikispaces.net/file/view/order.jpg/124484141/order.jpg.
17 Mar. 2011.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Anteater_Skeleton.JPG. 10 March 2011.
Works Cited
http://www.armadillohoseproducts.com/Uploads/armadillo-photo.jpg. 16 Mar. 2011.
http://www.dailycuteness.com/just-a-ball.html. 16 Mar. 2011.
http://www.hedweb.com/animimag/sloth3to.jpg. 17 Mar. 2011.
http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/4777/0 . 17 Mar. 2011.
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https://www.msu.edu/~nixonjos/armadillo/armadillos.html. 10 Mar. 2011.
http://www.sandiegozoo.org/animalbytes/t-armadillo.html. 15 Mar. 2011.
http://www.sandiegozoo.org/animalbytes/t-anteater.html. 15 Mar. 2011.
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http://www.skullcleaning.com/userfiles/image/services_photos_58_large.jpg. 16 Mar. 2011.
Works Cited
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/mammal/zenarthra.html. 08 Mar. 2011.
http://www.valleyanatomical.com/catalog/images/Hairy-Armadillo-skull-large.jpg. 10 Mar. 2011.
http://www.vibrationdata.com/Resources/Tamandua1.jpg. 16 Mar. 2011.
"Successful in spite of themselves. " Natural History 103.4 (1994): 50-53. Research
Library, ProQuest. Web. 10 Mar. 2011.
William J Murphy, Eduardo Eizirik, Warren E Johnson, Ya Ping Zhang, and et al. "Molecular
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