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Name________________________Per_____ The Peppered Moth Natural selection is the reproductive success of organisms that are best suited for an environment. It is the driving force of evolution. Natural selection occurs within populations, which are interbreeding groups of individuals of the same species. Genetic variation is one factor that influences natural selection. Genetic variation occurs when a population has multiple versions of a trait. For example, some organisms in a population of moths are dark colored, while some are light colored. Natural selection over time results in adaptations, where certain traits are favored due to their influence on survival. Adaptations over many generations can lead to evolution. Peppered moths have lived in the forests around Manchester, England for hundreds of years. There are two genetic variations for color in peppered moths- the moths can be dark with light spots OR light with dark spots. Before the 1800s the trees were light colored and the light colored moths were well camouflaged. After the 1800s, when England went through the Industrial Revolution, the pollution from factories made the trees darken. Now, the trees were dark colored and the dark colored moths were well camouflaged. Various birds eat both kinds of moths IF they are able to be seen. PART I: Peppered Moth Simulation Procedure 1. http://www.techapps.net/interactives/pepperMoths.swf 2. Click on each circle starting at the left to read about the peppered moth 3. Finally, run the simulation by clicking on the circle with the picture of the bird and moths 4. Click on the left circle (light forest before the Industrial Revolution) first 5. Hunt for moths for 60 seconds and then record the percentage of remaining moths of each type below. 6. Click on the circle with the bird to return to the main menu 7. This time, click on the dark forest circle on the right and repeat step 5. Forest Detail: % Dark Moths Remaining After Hunt % Light Moths Remaining After Hunt Light Forest (Before Industrial Revolution) Dark Forest (After Industrial Revolution: soot-covered trees) PART II: LABEL THE PICTURES: 1. Label each tree as Before Industrial Revolution OR After Industrial Revolution 2. Draw one arrow on each tree pointing to the moth type that would be most easily seen, and therefore eaten, by predator birds. label: _____________ label: _______________ Peppered Moth Populations Data: The table below displays the Number of peppered moths of each color found over a ten year period. Graph the data below to show how the peppered moth populations changed in the 1800s. You should make a line graph with two lines. Years should be on the x axis and number of moths on the y axis. Assume year one was the start of the industrial revolution. Don’t forget a legend. Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 503 484 392 246 225 193 147 84 53 38 Dark Colored Population 112 198 210 281 357 412 503 594 638 673 Moth Population PART III: Line Graph of Data: Light Colored Population Time (years) Key : (color circles) Light Colored Moths Dark Colored Moths Analysis Questions: 1. The moths exhibited genetic variation. What were the two types of moths? _______________________________ & ____________________________ 2. What changes occurred in both forms of the moth over these ten years? (see graph above) ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 3. What adaptation did the dark moths have after the Industrial Revolution that increased their survival rate? _______________________________________________________________________ 4. Critical Thinking: England has recently cleaned up their factories and now produces much less pollution. As a result, the trees are slowly becoming lighter. What might happen to the populations of each form of the moth in the next 10 years? Why?___________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________