Lab 10: Population Genetics
... has light, almost white-colored wings with small flecks of brown, while the other morph is predominantly black or very dark brown in color. This trait is controlled by a single gene and is an example of a discrete or Mendelian trait. Another example of variation both among species and within populat ...
... has light, almost white-colored wings with small flecks of brown, while the other morph is predominantly black or very dark brown in color. This trait is controlled by a single gene and is an example of a discrete or Mendelian trait. Another example of variation both among species and within populat ...
CURRICULUM VITAE - Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology
... Annual symposium of the W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology for students and postdocs 2003, 2004, 2005 (organized with Prof. Robert Anholt and Prof. John Vandenbergh) "Insect-resistant transgenic plants in a multitropic context". Wageningen, The Netherlands, 2001 (organized with Prof. Marcel ...
... Annual symposium of the W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology for students and postdocs 2003, 2004, 2005 (organized with Prof. Robert Anholt and Prof. John Vandenbergh) "Insect-resistant transgenic plants in a multitropic context". Wageningen, The Netherlands, 2001 (organized with Prof. Marcel ...
CURRICULUM VITAE Astrid Groot - Max Planck Institute for
... 20th Meeting International Society of Chemical Ecology, Hamburg, Germany, 2002 (oral presentation: "Evolution of sexual communication in Heliothis virescens and H. subflexa") South-East Ecology, Population Genetics and Evolution Meeting, Beaufort NC 2002 (oral presentation: "Evolution of sexual ...
... 20th Meeting International Society of Chemical Ecology, Hamburg, Germany, 2002 (oral presentation: "Evolution of sexual communication in Heliothis virescens and H. subflexa") South-East Ecology, Population Genetics and Evolution Meeting, Beaufort NC 2002 (oral presentation: "Evolution of sexual ...
Evaluating Experiments Scenario # 1 Multiple independent studies
... Observations/Research: There was a reduced number of light colored European peppered moths (Biston betularia) (light color was most common) and an increased number of the darker colored moths in the industrial areas. Hypothesis: Because moths spend a great deal of time during the day resting on tree ...
... Observations/Research: There was a reduced number of light colored European peppered moths (Biston betularia) (light color was most common) and an increased number of the darker colored moths in the industrial areas. Hypothesis: Because moths spend a great deal of time during the day resting on tree ...
Operophtera brumata with pheromone-baited traps, December 2005
... identical to that used by the Bruce spanworm, Operophtera bruceata, a native North American species that is very closely related to winter moth. Thus, traps baited with the pheromone will capture both species. In the 2005 winter moth survey, we included an inhibitory compound with the pheromone, whi ...
... identical to that used by the Bruce spanworm, Operophtera bruceata, a native North American species that is very closely related to winter moth. Thus, traps baited with the pheromone will capture both species. In the 2005 winter moth survey, we included an inhibitory compound with the pheromone, whi ...
Lesson
... when they extend their tongue from their mouth. This ability to roll the tongue is due to a dominant allele (R). Those who have the two recessive alleles (rr) can only curve their tongue slightly. Hitchhiker's thumb: (See Fig. 3) People with two recessive alleles (tt) for hitchhiker's thumb can bend ...
... when they extend their tongue from their mouth. This ability to roll the tongue is due to a dominant allele (R). Those who have the two recessive alleles (rr) can only curve their tongue slightly. Hitchhiker's thumb: (See Fig. 3) People with two recessive alleles (tt) for hitchhiker's thumb can bend ...
Many islands in the Indian and Pacific oceans have or used to have
... Australopithecus, Homo habilis and Homo erectus. These three species are now extinct. The graph shows the brain size of several specimens from each of the species. ...
... Australopithecus, Homo habilis and Homo erectus. These three species are now extinct. The graph shows the brain size of several specimens from each of the species. ...
Genetics Unit Pre-Test HW-66
... but 5% survived. What is the most likely explanation for this? I know this! A. The living termites were a different species than the dead termites I think I know this, B. The living termites had genes that the dead termites did not have. but I’m not sure. C. The living termites were males and the de ...
... but 5% survived. What is the most likely explanation for this? I know this! A. The living termites were a different species than the dead termites I think I know this, B. The living termites had genes that the dead termites did not have. but I’m not sure. C. The living termites were males and the de ...
Teacher Materials - Scope, Sequence, and Coordination
... the rounds. These rounds represent fluctuations in the peppered moth population of pre- and postindustrial revolution in England. Students cut four strips of black construction paper and four strips of white construction paper, 11/2 x 11 inches per strip. These strips represent trees. With the remai ...
... the rounds. These rounds represent fluctuations in the peppered moth population of pre- and postindustrial revolution in England. Students cut four strips of black construction paper and four strips of white construction paper, 11/2 x 11 inches per strip. These strips represent trees. With the remai ...
Genetics Exercises: The Case of Industrial Melanism
... phenotype. Weaver and Hedrick (1995, p. 52) describe a third phenotype, the darkly mottled insularia. Let's ignore the third phenotype to keep the model simple. The first model adopts identical assumptions for the black and white moths. They both spend 10 months in a preadult phase and 2 months as a ...
... phenotype. Weaver and Hedrick (1995, p. 52) describe a third phenotype, the darkly mottled insularia. Let's ignore the third phenotype to keep the model simple. The first model adopts identical assumptions for the black and white moths. They both spend 10 months in a preadult phase and 2 months as a ...
GDriftlab
... Just by chance, you accidently squash all of the green beetles with your boot & only blue and yellow beetles remain. Due to that chance event, the beetle population now contains a greater percentage of the alleles that code for blue & yellow body color, while the alleles for green body color have be ...
... Just by chance, you accidently squash all of the green beetles with your boot & only blue and yellow beetles remain. Due to that chance event, the beetle population now contains a greater percentage of the alleles that code for blue & yellow body color, while the alleles for green body color have be ...
Introduction to Natural Selection
... form was rarely seen. In other areas, further from the factories and smokestacks of Manchester, lichens abounded on the tree trunks and the light phenotype was common while the dark phenotype was rarely seen. In each habitat the common phenotype was better camouflaged. Kettlewell (1955, 1961, 1965) ...
... form was rarely seen. In other areas, further from the factories and smokestacks of Manchester, lichens abounded on the tree trunks and the light phenotype was common while the dark phenotype was rarely seen. In each habitat the common phenotype was better camouflaged. Kettlewell (1955, 1961, 1965) ...
Predation Similar to both herbivory and parasitism Interaction with
... Famous crypsis story: Peppered moths In England, before 1811, all collected moths were light grey By the 1850’s, in some places, almost all dark grey/black Caused by pollution—caused the trees in some forests to be darkened After clean air acts were passed, the light morphs increased in frequen ...
... Famous crypsis story: Peppered moths In England, before 1811, all collected moths were light grey By the 1850’s, in some places, almost all dark grey/black Caused by pollution—caused the trees in some forests to be darkened After clean air acts were passed, the light morphs increased in frequen ...
Nov19
... iii. If I use my arms they get bigger and my children will have bigger arms iv. Organisms have more babies than can survive B. What is a species? Genetic change in a population or species over a numberof generations Evolution as the Conorstone of Biology ...
... iii. If I use my arms they get bigger and my children will have bigger arms iv. Organisms have more babies than can survive B. What is a species? Genetic change in a population or species over a numberof generations Evolution as the Conorstone of Biology ...
Examples of Natural Selection
... Galapagos finches all have different types of beaks. During drought, the finches with the larger beaks survived better than those with smaller beaks. During rainy times, more small seeds were produced and the finches with smaller beaks fared better. ...
... Galapagos finches all have different types of beaks. During drought, the finches with the larger beaks survived better than those with smaller beaks. During rainy times, more small seeds were produced and the finches with smaller beaks fared better. ...
int_2015_Bio_9
... Directional selection (I): a mode of natural selection in which a single phenotype is favored, causing the allele frequency to continuously shift in one direction. The genetic variance of the population shifts toward a new phenotype when exposed to environmental changes. In the case of such selectio ...
... Directional selection (I): a mode of natural selection in which a single phenotype is favored, causing the allele frequency to continuously shift in one direction. The genetic variance of the population shifts toward a new phenotype when exposed to environmental changes. In the case of such selectio ...
Natural selection
... Revolution in England, the air quality declined, killing off lichen and resulting in a marked increase in the relative frequency of the dark moths. In a polluted environment, directional selection favored the melanic forms. ...
... Revolution in England, the air quality declined, killing off lichen and resulting in a marked increase in the relative frequency of the dark moths. In a polluted environment, directional selection favored the melanic forms. ...
Population Genetics and Evolution
... To find the genotypic, allelic, or phenotypic proportions in the next …use the Hardy-Weinberg formula! generation… ...
... To find the genotypic, allelic, or phenotypic proportions in the next …use the Hardy-Weinberg formula! generation… ...
Name Trends in Natural Selection There are three basic types of
... Many species of moths in the British Isles began to become darker in color in the 19th century. The best-studied example is the peppered moth, Biston betularia. The moth gets its name from the scattered dark markings on its wings and body. In 1849, a coal-black mutant was found near Manchester, Engl ...
... Many species of moths in the British Isles began to become darker in color in the 19th century. The best-studied example is the peppered moth, Biston betularia. The moth gets its name from the scattered dark markings on its wings and body. In 1849, a coal-black mutant was found near Manchester, Engl ...
Peppered Moth Investigation
... moths lived in the surrounding forests. They would cling to the trunks of trees that were themselves covered with a light gray colored bark. The fact that these moths were able to blend in with this light gray background served as an advantage, providing protection in the form of camouflage from bir ...
... moths lived in the surrounding forests. They would cling to the trunks of trees that were themselves covered with a light gray colored bark. The fact that these moths were able to blend in with this light gray background served as an advantage, providing protection in the form of camouflage from bir ...
Natural selection File
... environment are more likely to survive and reproduce 4. These individuals’ genes are passed to their offspring. 5. Individuals that are poorly adapted to their environment ...
... environment are more likely to survive and reproduce 4. These individuals’ genes are passed to their offspring. 5. Individuals that are poorly adapted to their environment ...
Natural Selection in the Peppered moth
... was dominant but by 1900 the situation had changed and the melanic type was dominant. Biologists argued that this reversal of fortune was due to rising levels of pollution during the Industrial Revolution that covered the trees on which the moths rested with black soot. The dark melanic moths were b ...
... was dominant but by 1900 the situation had changed and the melanic type was dominant. Biologists argued that this reversal of fortune was due to rising levels of pollution during the Industrial Revolution that covered the trees on which the moths rested with black soot. The dark melanic moths were b ...
Word - Your Planet Earth
... was dominant but by 1900 the situation had changed and the melanic type was dominant. Biologists argued that this reversal of fortune was due to rising levels of pollution during the Industrial Revolution that covered the trees on which the moths rested with black soot. The dark melanic moths were b ...
... was dominant but by 1900 the situation had changed and the melanic type was dominant. Biologists argued that this reversal of fortune was due to rising levels of pollution during the Industrial Revolution that covered the trees on which the moths rested with black soot. The dark melanic moths were b ...
Peppered moth evolution
The evolution of the peppered moth is an evolutionary instance of colour variation in the moth population as a consequence of the Industrial Revolution. The concept refers to an increase in the number of dark-coloured moths due to industrial pollution, and a reciprocal decrease in the population in a clean environment. Hence, the phenomenon is called industrial melanism. It is the first recorded and experimented case of Charles Darwin's natural selection in action, and remains as a classic example in the teaching of evolution. Sewall Wright described it as ""the clearest case in which a conspicuous evolutionary process has actually been observed.""The dark-coloured or melanic moths (carbonaria variety) were not known prior to 1811. After field collection in 1848 from Manchester, an industrial city in England, the frequency of the variety was found to have increased drastically. By the end of the 19th century it almost completely outnumbered the original light-coloured type (typica variety). The evolutionary importance of the moth was only speculated upon during Darwin's lifetime. It was only 14 years after Darwin’s death, in 1896, that J.W. Tutt presented it as a case of natural selection.Bernard Kettlewell was the first to investigate the evolutionary mechanism behind peppered moth adaptation, between 1953 and 1956. He found that a light-coloured body was an effective camouflage in a clean environment, such as in Dorset, while the dark colour was beneficial in a polluted environment like in Birmingham. This selective survival was due to birds which easily caught dark moths on clean trees, and white moths on trees darkened with soot. The story, supported by Kettlewell's experiment, became an example of Darwinian evolution used in standard textbooks.However, failure to replicate the experiment and criticism of Kettlewell's methods by Theodore David Sargent in the late 1960s led to general scepticism. When Judith Hooper's Of Moths and Men was published in 2002, Kettlewell's story was more sternly attacked, accused of fraud, and became widely disregarded. The criticism became a major argument for anti-evolutionists. Michael Majerus was the principal defender. His seven-year experiment beginning in 2001, the most elaborate of its kind in population biology, the results of which were published posthumously in 2012, vindicated Kettlewells' work in great detail. This restored peppered moth evolution as ""the most direct evidence"", and ""one of the clearest and most easily understood examples of Darwinian evolution in action"".