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US History Chapter 8 Section 3 The U.S. Home Front Causes of World War I Review M ? A ? European Tensions Rising caused by I ? N ? Where is the “A” in MANIA Causes of World War I Review ? European nations engaged in massive military buildup ? European countries form partnerships to protect themselves European Tensions Rising caused by ? Rival empires seek to keep power Where is the “A” in ??? ? People feel loyalty and devotion to their country or culture Enough for War Yet? Germans sink 3 U.S. merchant ships Unrestricted Submarine Warfare US Declaration of War? Sinking of Lusitania Zimmerman Note Main Idea • The United States mobilized a variety of resources to wage World War I Reading Focus • How did U.S. government mobilize economy to support war effort? • How did workers mobilize on the home front? • How did the government try to influence public opinion about the war? Mobilizing the Economy War cost money!! How were we going to pay for this war? Congress passed the War Revenue Act of 1917 which authorized an increase in taxes on Americans * Taxed wealthiest Americans the hardest- > 77% (increased federal revenue by 400% in 2 years) * Government borrowed money from Americans in the form of Liberty Bonds (loan from people to government) National Debt grew dramatically> 1916- 1.2 billion > 1919- 25.5 billion American Regulation Regulating Industry - Congress created several admin boards to prepare nation for war - War Industries Board- Powerful agency that could regulate ALL Materials needed to support war - WIB regulated all materials / production Regulating Food - Congress ensured troops had food - Lever Food and Fuel Control ActGovernment granted power to set prices and production control - Herbert Hoover led the Food Administration - “Victory Gardens” - Prohibition Regulating Fuel - Congress monitored fuel production - Fuel Administration- encouraged fuel production / Harry Garfield introduces Daylight Savings Time to promote longer work hours - Promoted fuel conservation“Gassless Sundays” and “Heatless Mondays” How can we supply our troops with needed commodities Mobilizing the Workers Because of the war, businesses boomed and make great profits (especially in oil, steel, and chemical companies) U.S. primary supplier of war> Great Britain- 1 billion rounds of ammo / 1.2 million rifles / ½ million tons of explosives Many workers joined unions (dangerous conditions because of demand and high-paced production) 1916-1919 > 60% increase National War Labor Board- Created to meet the demands of the American worker and settle disputes > set 8 hour work days / urged businesses to recognize labor unions / granted women equal pay Influenza War effort affected by flu outbreak 1918-1919 Unsanitary conditions on Western front contributed to epidemic Flu outbreak affected Americans back in the states as well > Oct 1918- 200K Americans died Flu killed 675K Americans (deadliest epidemic in US History) Influencing Public Opinion Wilson made efforts to gain public opinion to support war Creates Committee on Public Information (CPI)- Appoints George Creel to head department > Creel begins nationwide campaign of propaganda to support the war effort Limiting Anti-War Speech Majority of Americans supported war effort but still many spoke out against the war Woodrow Wilson Response- 1917- Congress passes Espionage Act > punishes people who aid enemy > Punishes people who refuse to serve in military 1918- Congress passes Sedition Act > illegal for Americans to “utter, print, write, or publish and disloyal or abusive language“ criticizing the government or military Eugene Debs v. United States Schenk v. United States Two supreme court cases resulting from these acts