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Abnormal Psychology
Canadian Edition
Gerald C. Davison
John M. Neale
Kirk R. Blankstein
Gordon L. Flett
Prepared by Richard A. Davis
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.
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chapter 7
Somatoform and Dissociative
Disorders
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.
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Somatoform & Dissociative Disorders
• Somatoform disorders
– Bodily symptoms that suggest a physical
defect or dysfunction, but no physiological
basis can be found
• Dissociative disorders
– Disruptions of consciousness, memory, and
identity
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.
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Somatoform Disorders
• Pain disorder
– Psychological factors play a significant role in
the onset and maintenance of pain
• Body dysmporphic disorder
– Preoccupation with imagined or exaggerated
defects in physical appearance
• Hypochondriasis
– Preoccupation with fears of having a serious
illness
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.
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Somatoform Disorders
• Conversion disorder
– Sensory or motor symptoms without any
physiological cause
– Anesthesias
– Hysteria
• Malingering
• La belle indifference
• Factitious disorder
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.
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Somatoform Disorders
Somatoform Disorders
• Somatization disorder
– 4 pain symptoms in different locations
– 2 gastrointestinal symptoms
– 1 sexual symptom other than pain
– 1 pseudoneurological symptom
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.
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Etiology of Somatoform Disorders
• Etiology of somatization disorder
• Psychoanalytic theory of conversion
disorder
– Anna O.
• Behavioural theory of conversion disorder
• Social and cultural factors in conversion
disorder
• Biological factors in conversion disorder
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.
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Therapies for Somatoform Disorders
• Cognitive behavioural approach
– Validating that the pain is real, and not just in
the patient’s head
– Relaxation training
– Rewarding the person for behaving in ways
inconsistent with the pain (toughing it out)
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.
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Dissociative Disorders
• Dissociative amnesia
– Person is unable to recall important personal
information
– Usually after some stressful episode
– Information is not permanently lost
• Dissociative fugue
– Person suddenly leaves home and work and
assumes a new identity
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.
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Dissociative Disorders
• Depersonalization disorder
– Person’s perception or experience of the self
is disconcertingly and disruptively altered
• Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
– Person has at least two separate ego states,
or alters, that exist independent of each other
– Alters come forth and are in control at
different times
– Multiple personality disorder
– Controversies in the diagnosis of DID
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.
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Dissociative Disorders
• Etiology of DID
• Treatment of DID
– Integration of the several personalities
– Individual outpatient psychotherapy
– Hypnotic techniques can be useful in crisis
management
– Therapists should take a respectful neutral
stance on recovered memories
– Exorcisms should be avoided
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.
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Repressed Memories of Child Sexual Abuse
• Are recovered memories based on fact?
• If not, where do they come from?
– Popular writings
– Therapists’ suggestions
– Research on memory
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.
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End of chapter 7
Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work
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