Download What is Arduino?

Khaled A. Al-Utaibi
[email protected]
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What is Arduino?
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Arduino Boards
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Arduino Shields
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Arduino Uno Hardware
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Arduino is a single-board open-source platform
for building electronic projects
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Arduino consists of two components:
−(1) a physical programmable circuit board designed
around an Atmel microcontroller, and
−(2) an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
which is used to write the code on a computer, and
then upload it to the physical board.
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Arduino does not need a separate piece of
hardware (called a programmer) to load new
code onto the board – you can simply use a USB
cable.
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Arduino IDE uses a
simplified version of
C++, making it easier to
learn and program.
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Arduino provides many
alternative boards.
These boards vary in the
following aspects:
−the microcontroller type,
−The microcontroller speed
(frequency)
−the physical size,
−the number of input and output pins,
−the memory space for programs, and
−the board price.
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Examples of Ardunio boards include:
Arduino Uno
Arduino Micro
Arduino Leonardo
Arduino Mega 2560
Arduino Due
Arduino Nano
a quick comparison between the characteristics of some Arduino boards
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We can add functionality to an Arduino board by
attaching shields.
A shield is a circuit board that connects via pins
to the sockets on the sides of an Arduino.
Hundreds of shields are available on the market.
Examples of these shields include:
−GSM Shield
−Ethernet Shield
−WiFi Shield
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The GSM Shield with a SIM card allows an
Arduino board to connect to the internet,
make/receive voice calls and send/receive SMS
messages.
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The Ethernet Shield allows an Arduino board to
connect to the internet. It provides a network
(IP) stack capable of both TCP and UDP.
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The WiFi Shield allows an Arduino board to
connect to the internet using the 802.11 wireless
specification (WiFi). It provides a network (IP)
stack capable of both TCP and UDP.
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The kit includes Arduino UNO board and a
selection of the most common electronic
components with a book of 15 projects.
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The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based
on the ATmega328.
It has the following main parts:
−an ATmega382 microcontroller,
−a 16MHz clock,
−14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as
PWM outputs),
−6 analog inputs,
−an ICSP header,
−a USB connection,
−a power jack
−a reset button, and
−on board LEDs
Digital I/O
Reset Button
Debug LED
USB
Connector
MCU Prog.
Connector
(ICSP)
Serial to USB
Circuit
ATMega 328
MCU
Power Jack
Power Pins
Analog Inputs
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The Universal Serial Bus (USB)
connector connects the board
to a computer for three
reasons:
−(1) to supply power to the board
−(2) to upload code to the Arduino
−(3) to send data to and receive it
from a computer.
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The Power Connector is used
to power the Arduino with a
standard main power adapter.
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The microcontroller is a special type of
processors that …
−includes various types of memory to hold data and
programs,
−executes instructions, and
−provides various means of sending and receiving data.
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This row of pins offers power connections and the ability
to use an external RESET button.
The power pins are as follows:
−VIN: This pin is used to receive input voltage to the Arduino
board when it's using an external power source.
−5V:This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the
board.
−3.3V: This pin outputs a regulated 3.3V from the regulator on
the board.
−GND. This pin provides the Ground signal.
−IOREF: This pin on the Arduino board provides the voltage
reference with which the microcontroller operates.
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This row of pins offers six analog inputs that are
used to measure electrical signals that vary in
voltage.
Furthermore, pins A4 and A5 can also be used for
sending data to and receiving it from other
devices.
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Pins numbered 0 to 13 are digital input/output
(I/O) pins.
Pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX) are also known as the serial
port, which is used to send and receive serial data
to other devices.
The pins labeled with a tilde (~) can also generate
a varying electrical signal (PWM).