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Unit D: Integumentary System Explain the structure of the integumentary system. Analyze the function of the integumentary system Discuss characteristics and treatment of common skin disorders • Skin = Integument = Cutaneous Membrane • The name comes from the Latin integumentum, which means "to cover". The skin is a membrane, organ and system, because… • Membrane= it covers the body • Organ= contains several kinds of tissues • System=has organs and other parts that work together to perform particular functions Bell • Look over Suffixes a, ac,al-megaly Bell/payday • List 4 of the 7 functions of the Integumentary system • DO NOT touch any of the food and DO NOT lick your spoon! Bellringer/payday… • 3,2,1… • List 3 layers of the skin • List 2 functions of the Integumentary System • One question? • Reminder...Items needed to make skin! • Protective covering – Intact skin is best protection Skin is generally too dry for microbial growth Most skin bacteria is associated with hair follicles or sweat glands • • • • • • Regulates body temperature Manufactures Vitamin D Sensory perception Temporary storage of fat, glucose, water and salts Screens out harmful ultraviolet radiation Absorbs certain drugs • 2 basic layers • Epidermis: Outermost covering Epithelial cells Avascular • Dermis: True skin Connective tissue Vascular • 2 (of 3) epidermal layers are: • • Stratum corneum Stratum germinativum • STRATUM CORNEUM • • • • • Outermost layer of the three epidermals In cells, cytoplasm replaced by KERATIN – making them waterproof. Flat and scale-like cells that flake off First line of defense against surface bacteria Thickest on palms of hands, soles of feet • STRATUM GERMINATIVUM • • • Innermost epidermal layer Reproductive layer – cells form and push their way up, become keratinized, and replace the top layer Contains MELANOCYTES – cells that contain a pigment =Melanin………… • • • • • • • • MELANIN Black, brown, or has a yellow tint – depending on racial origin The more melanin, the darker the skin Caucasians don’t have much melanin in their melanocytes. Freckles = patches of melanin Albinism = no melanin Tanning • Sunlight stimulates melanocytes to make more melanin • Tanning produced by UV rays. • Prolonged exposure may lead to skin cancer! • Almost every time you touch something, you leave a fingerprint. Our hands are covered with sweat pores. Sweat is often mixed with other body oils and dirt and when you touch something with your fingers, the oils and dirt on your skin stick to the surface of the object leaving an imprint of your fingertips. Prints that you can see with the naked eye are called visible prints. Invisible prints are called latent prints. Most fingerprints are latent prints. A third type of print is a plastic print. It is a print that leaves an impression on objects such as soap or clay. A forensic scientist is interested in fingerprints as a means of identification to help solve crimes. • Ridges in stratum germinativum • that arise from dermis • Create permanent ridges in fingers, palms and soles of feet • These “friction ridges” help with grip • Cause “fingerprints” • ACTIVITY! Lip Prints • Thicker inner layer that contains: • Connective tissue • Blood vessels • Nerve endings • Muscles • Hair follicles • Oil and sweat glands • Fat cells • • Sensory nerves – heat, cold, touch, pain and pressure – Touch receptors- close to the surface – Pressure receptors- are deeper • Lies under the dermis (not really part of integumentary system) • Made up of loose connective tissue • Contains half of the body’s stored fat Appendages of the Skin • Hair • Nails • SWEAT GLANDS HAIR • Almost everywhere on the body • Length, thickness, type and color varies • Outer layer = CORTEX • Inner layer = MEDULLA • Part under the skin = ROOT • Part outside the skin = SHAFT • FOLLICLE = pocket in epidermis, hair inside • PAPILLA = tuft of tissue in root, contains capillaries ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE • ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE = smooth muscle attached to follicle. How does this muscle cause goose bumps? • A small fan-shaped smooth muscle located at the base of each hair that contracts when the body surface is chilled or stimulated thus erecting the hair, compressing the oil gland above each muscle, and producing the appearance of goose bumps. The muscle gives support to the hair follicle and direction to the hair shaft. The Arrector Pili Muscle is what makes your hair stand on end when you're frightened or excited. • 1. Epidermis 2. Dermis3. Eptihelial Cells4. Sweat Gland5. Sweat Pore6. Hair Bulb7. Hair Papilla8. Connective Tissue 9. Arrector Pili10. Sebaceous Gland11. Hair12. Epithelial Follicle13. Straum Corneum Bell • List at least 5 features/components of Dermis Shaving=thicker hair??? • You've probably heard that if you shave hair, it will grow back coarser, darker, thicker, and/or faster. This is an urban legend, and you should ignore others who try to tell you that it's true. Shaving the hair will never result in coarser hair, but many people suggest that, as it starts to grow back, the hair feels more coarse or stubbly. • Nail is formed in the nail bed or MATRIX • Epidermal cells fused together and fill with keratin • Perspiration is 99% water • SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS • Distributed over the entire skin surface • Large numbers under the arms, palms of hands, soles of feet and forehead • Duct extends to form a pore in the skin, perspiration excreted through the pores • May be activated by heat, pain, fever and nervousness • Average fluid loss is 500 ml per day Where is the Axilla??? • ….armpit!!! • Secret oil (SEBUM) that protects and lubricates the skin Label the skin….. • Using the “new Skin”, you should use you text! • Intact skin = best protection against pathogens, toxins and water loss • Skin generally too dry for microbial growth – they do grow in moist areas • Most skin bacteria associated with hair follicles or sweat glands • Underarm perspiration odor caused by bacteria and perspiration Assignment…. • Make sure to Complete the worksheet: Matching Anatomy (it’s in your pkt) • NEW: A touching Experience • Juniors: your applications forAHII and all attachments are due Wed. Feb 23 Bell… • Get out your homework assignment…A Touching Experience • Complete ‘matching’ from pkt • If you need more recommendations…they are on table bellow Skin Recipe • Fill the bottom of a clear, plastic cup with Corn Puffs Cereal or yellow jello. • Add red jello on top of the Corn Puffs (or yellow jello).The red jello represents the dermis. • Using the following ingredients, place them appropriately in the red jello according to to their actual placement in the dermis. • M & M Peanuts represent the sebaceous glands. • Grapes represent the sudoriferous glands. • Spread a layer of whipped cream (thickness) on top to represent the stratum germinativum. Remember to check the thickness. • You may use cocoa to add melanin to your “skin” color. • Sprinkle a fine coating of crushed up Corn Flakes on top of the whipped cream to represent the stratum corneum. • Insert a licorice stick (hair) through the whipped cream into the dermis. Now answer the following questions about this activity. • • • • • • • • • 1) Why was yellow jello or Corn Puff Cereal used to represent the subcutaneous layer? _______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2) Why is the subcutaneous layer a desirable site for some injections? _____________________________________________________________________ 3) Explain why the red jello was used to represent the dermis. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 4) Which is the deepest layer of the integumentary system? ________________________________ 5) The licorice represents the hair shaft. Explain why you pushed it through the whipped cream and jello: _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ ___ 6) Which glands are the most numerous? ______________________________________ • 7) In what layer are sebaceous glands located?________________What is their function?_____________________________________________________________ • 8) Using the characteristics of the epidermis, why was whipped cream a better representation than the red jello? ______________________________________ PayDay/Bellringer • Each of you are to create a Quiz for all remaining word roots • Sink side Fill in the blank • Middle T/F • Computer side Matching Payday! • Using NC Health Careers book • Explore Cytotechnologist , Histologic Technologist/Technician, Pathologist – Brief description of what they do – How much education? • -Where can you go to school? • Who provides your certification? -What is the work environment? How much $ can you make? Payday! • Complete the worksheets on your desk/table. With a PENCIL…Do the labeling WITHOUT your book. • (This is the one that will be used for the test, toss out the old one!) What’s In Skin • • • • • • • • • • Wait for Instructions! Label hair Shaft Re-name Sweat Gland Label Adipose/fat cells Blood vessel Sebaceous gland Nerve fiber Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous tissue • • • • • • • • ACNE Common and chronic disorder of sebaceous glands Sebum plugs pores area fills with leukocytes Also – blackheads, cysts, pimples and scarring ATHLETE’S FOOT Contagious fungal infection Usually contracted in public baths and showers Rx – antifungal agents • • • • DERMATITIS Non-specific inflammation of skin Can be rash – reaction to soap, plants, etc. Can be emotional – stress can cause skin blotches • • • • • • • • GENITAL HERPES Viral Blister in genital area Spread through sexual contact Periods of remission and exacerbation Rx – Acyclovir Can be passed to newborn during vaginal delivery Disorders cont… • • • • • • • BULLA – large blister MACULE – freckle, petechia SKIN LESIONS NODULE - wart PAPULE – elevated nevus PUSTULE - acne ULCER – venous stasis ulcer (superficial or decubitus) TUMOR – benign epidermal tumor, basal cell carcinoma VESICLE – chickenpox, herpes simplex WHEAL – hives, insect bites • Terms • • ALBINISM – absence of melanin • ALOPECIA – baldness • EXCORIATION abrasion • PRURITIS – itching • URTICARIA - hives • Handwashing Bell • What is the most common cause of Skin Cancer? Skin Cancer Associated with exposure to sun (UV rays) Most common type of cancer in people MALIGNANT MELANOMA Occurs in melanocytes Metastasizes to other areas quickly Appears as brown or black irregular patch that occurs suddenly A change in an existing wart or mole may indicate melanoma Rx – surgical removal of melanoma and surrounding area and chemotherapy …delmar disc Assignment • Textbook pages 88-89 Complete Completion Skin Disorder Rubric • (20) Description of the disorder/disease including Signs and Symptoms • (20)Etiology/Cause • (20)Population/Who does it effect • (20)Treatments • (20)Prognosis/outcome • No less than ½ page • DO NOT COPY AND PASTE. Must be written in your own words! • Copy down this info ASAP…move to lab 111 Bellringer/payday… • Write down three facts you know about burns BURNS ¨ Caused by radiation, sun, boiling water, chemicals, fire or electricity • • • • • FIRST DEGREE (see page 84 in text) ¨ Superficial ¨ Skin red and dry ¨ Involves only epidermis ¨ Rx – cold water ¨ Healing within one week SECOND DEGREE ¨ Epidermis and dermis ¨ Pain, swelling, redness and blistering ¨ Skin may be exposed to infection ¨ Rx – pain medication, dry sterile dressing ¨ Healing within 2 weeks THIRD DEGREE ¨ Epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layers ¨ Symptoms – loss of skin, blackened skin (ESCHAR) ¨ May be life threatening ¨ Rx – prevention of infection and contracture, fluid replacement, skin graft RULE OF NINES ¨ – Measures percent of body burned. Body divided into 11 area, each is 9% of body surface. • Complete worksheet, Rule of nines Assignment • • Workbook page 52 and 53 I and L • • • • • • • • • • • • • Word bank for labeling: Hair shaft Sweat pore Stratum Germinativum Epidermis Subcutaneous Dermal Papilla Sebaceous gland Dermis Stratum Cornium Sudoriferus Gland Hair Follicle papillae Today's activities…REVIEW • Place your Essay in the blue divider • • • • Textbook page 88: Review questions 1-5 Textbook pages 88-89 Completion 1-10 Workbook 51-52 I and G only Using disc from test-do activities from “Chapter 5” • Look up answers for mult choice portion of test • Pick up labeling portion-complete in pencil, bring to be to check! Bell… • Complete “Guess the Fib” • (you can write out True or False if Fact or Fiction throws you off) • You will have until 1:40 to complete, write your name on the outside of your packet…put in blue binder Bell • True or False….The skin is an organ, membrane and a system • Write out you justification for your answer True because… • Membrane= it covers the body • Organ= contains several kinds of tissues • System=has organs and other parts that work together to perform particular functions Guess the fib