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Download Dermatology: study of skin, functions, diseases Healthy skin slightly
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Dermatology: study of skin, functions, diseases Healthy skin slightly moist, soft, flexible, smooth, fine texture Calluses thickened skin from continued pressure Appendages of skin hair, nails, sweat, oil glands Thinnest on eyelids Hair follicles larger, deeper on scalp Skin largest organ of body Two main divisions: epidermis & dermis Epidermis cuticle or scarf skin, thinnest layer Outermost layer, protective covering, contains nerve endings Epidermal Layers: Stratum Lucidum: Stratum Corneum clear, transparent outer layer light passes thru cells scalelike cells cells continually shed & replace waterproof layer Stratum Spinosum spiny layer above basal Stratum Granulosum Stratum Germinativum basal layer granular layer deepest layer dead cells push to growth of epidermis the surface melanocytes provide color 1 2. Dermis skin strength, form, flexibility Dermis: inner layer known as Derma, Corium, Cutis, or True Skin 25x's thicker than epidermis Two Layers of dermis Papillary Layer Reticular Layer Outer layer contains deepest layer contains Dermal papillae, oxygen, nutrients, Looped capillaries, fat cells, blood vessels, Tactile corpuscles, lymph vessels, follicles, Nerve endings (touch, pressure), oil, sweat glands, Melanin arrector pili muscles papilla: small cone shapes pointing up to epidermis Subcutaneous Tissue Skin Nourishment Fatty layer below dermis blood, lymph & clear fluids Called adipose or subcutis contain colorless corpuscles Adds smoothness, contour to body supplies nourishment Contains fat for energy, cushion repairs hair, skin, nails Keratin fiber protein that composes hair & nails Lymph clear fluid that removes toxins & waste. Skin Nerves (MSS) Motor nerve fibers distributed to arrector pili muscles, cause goose bumps Sensory nerve fibers react to heat, cold, touch, pain, pressure send messages to brain Secretory nerve fibers distributed to sweat & oil glands regulate excretion of perspiration regulate secretion of oil 2 3 4 5 6 7 SENSE OF TOUCH 3. PAPILLARY LAYER contains nerve endings sensation of touch, heat, cold, pain, PRESSURE most abundant in fingertips MELANIN COLLAGEN & ELASTIN Skin color fibrous protein for: Hereditary strength, form, flexibility 70% of dermis Genes = amount/type of pigment one produces Pheomelanin & eumelanin 2 types of pigment SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS SEBACEOUS GLANDS Excrete sweat secrete sebum Secretory coil, sweat duct connect to follicle Forms sweat pore lubricates skin & hair Numerous on palms, soles, numerous on body except Forehead & armpits palms & soles Controls nervous system larger on face, scalp Regulate body temp. hardened sebum = blackheads Eliminates waste Increases w/exercise, heat, emotions & drugs 6 SKIN FUNCTIONS (SHAPES) S ensation H eat regulation A bsorption P rotection E xcretion S ecretion 8 6 SKIN FUNCTIONS SENSATION (SHAPES) 4. HEAT REGULATION sweat glands cool Heat, cold, touch, pressure, pain body temperature Sensory nerves send message to brain, skin protects body from environment ABSORPTION PROTECTION skin absorbs small amounts of: bacteria can't enter creams & female hormones protection from climate EXCRETION Persperation thru pores Loss of water,salts,chemicals SECRETION sebum from sebaceous glands stress increases flow of sebum 9 Skin Maintenance 5. A diet of fats, carbs & protein support healthy skin No notes beyond this point! VITAMINS & SUPPLIMENTS WATER Vitamins A,C,D, & E benefit skin Vitamin A (RetinA) treats acne Vitamin C repairs skin & tissues Vitamin D (sunlight) promotes healing Vitamin E protects against sun & heals damaged tissue Water sustains health eliminates toxins and waste regulates body temperature aids in digestion aids skin beauty Nutrients needed to maintain health come from food we eat. Diets lacking in nutrients are supplemented by vitamins and minerals. 10
