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Is Pluto a Planet? Dr John K. Davies & Dr Suzie Ramsay Howat UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, Scotland The classical solar system Planet Uranus imaged from Voyager 2. Planet Neptune from Voyager 2. Percival Lowell Lowell’s Tomb, shaped like Planet Saturn Clyde Tombaugh and the Pluto Telescope. Discovery of Pluto, 1930 Orbits of Pluto and Neptune. Nucleus of Halley’s Comet Pluto is Shrinking Pluto is covered with ice. Pluto and Charon (Gemini Observatory) Pluto should have vanished by now! Mercury and Venus: Planets without Moons 9064 Johndavies. A minor planet • Discovered 1993 • Status: Main belt asteroid • Diameter: about 6km • Brightness: V=17-18 • Composition: Rocky • Dist from Sun 2.1-2.7 AU 243 Ida and Dactyl Ida: Size about 56 km long. Dactyl: Size about 1.5 km. 45 Eugenia and its moon. Eugenia size ~215km Satellite size ~13 km Period ~4.7 days Eugenia, The Movie Pluto has an atmosphere Pluto Express Mission. 2020? Comets in the Oort Cloud Comet Hale-Bopp Interstellar comet (never seen) Long Period Comet, like Hale-Bopp Short Period Comet. Comet Orbits Gerard Kuiper 1905-1973 Kenneth Edgeworth. 1880-1973 Jane Luu and Dave Jewitt University of Hawaii 2.2m Telescope Discovery of 1992 QB1 The Classical Kuiper Belt The Plutinos 1998 WW31 a Kuiper Belt Object with a satellite Some of the the largest known Kuiper Belt Objects Stop Press – ‘Sedna’ Sedna: EKO or Oort Cloud Object? Sedna. Planet10? Orbital Elements and Stable Regions Comet Ring as predicted by Fred Whipple in 1964, virtually what we today call the Kuiper Belt According to ‘First Steps to Astronomy and Geography’, Hatchard & Son, London, 1828 there are 11 planets. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Vesta, Juno, Ceres, Pallas, Jupiter, Saturn and Herschel (Uranus) Sun Ceres Venus Pallas Earth Juno Mars Vesta But 4 of these are no longer in lists of planets published today Tradition in Astronomy Constellations Lunar Sea! What makes a planet? • It goes around a star. Io and the Moon are not planets because they don’t go around a star. What makes a planet? • It goes around a star. • It does not generate heat internally. Jupiter is a planet. since it is not heated by nuclear reactions. What makes a planet? • It goes around a star. • It does not make heat by nuclear reactions. • It is spherical. So MOST asteroids are not planets since they have not collapsed to spherical shapes. What makes a planet? • It goes around a star. • It does not make heat by nuclear reactions • It is (more-or-less) spherical. • It is bigger than 1000km in diameter Is Pluto a Planet? Please raise hands for yes Or not? Please raise hands for NO Pluto is a small icy planet Like Neptune’s moon Triton Pluto ..and a member of the Kuiper Belt Pluto could have dual status. 1000 Piazzi 2000 Herschel 3000 Leonardo 4000 Hipparcus 5000 IAU 6000 United Nations 7000 Curie 8000 Isaac Newton 9000 HAL 10000 Pluto? ATC Clapometer Clap Cheer Standby Mode: Quiet Please Clap for Yes, Pluto is a Planet Yes No Cheer for No, Pluto is NOT a planet Clap for Yes, Pluto is a Planet Yes No Cheer for No, Pluto is NOT a planet Clap for Yes, Pluto is a Planet Yes No Cheer for No, Pluto is NOT a planet Clap for Yes, Pluto is a Planet Yes No Cheer for No, Pluto is NOT a planet Clap for Yes, Pluto is a Planet Yes No Cheer for No, Pluto is NOT a planet Clap for Yes, Pluto is a Planet Yes No Cheer for No, Pluto is NOT a planet Clap for Yes, Pluto is a Planet Yes No Cheer for No, Pluto is NOT a planet Clap for Yes, Pluto is a Planet Yes No Cheer for No, Pluto is NOT a planet Clap for Yes, Pluto is a Planet Yes No Cheer for No, Pluto is NOT a planet Clap for Yes, Pluto is a Planet Yes No Cheer for No, Pluto is NOT a planet Clap for Yes, Pluto is a Planet Yes No Cheer for No, Pluto is NOT a planet Clap for Yes, Pluto is a Planet Yes No Cheer for No, Pluto is NOT a planet Thanks very much! Bye for now, Drive safely. Is Pluto a Planet? • Presented by: John Davies and Suzie Ramsay Howat. • Written by: John Davies • Thanks to: Jason Cowan, Chad Trujillo, Lowell Observatory archives , NASA, Yerkes Observatory, Dave Jewitt, Jane Luu, Martin Duncan and John Spencer For more information. Published by CUP, get it from Amazon. Mutual Eclipses of Pluto and Charon