Download The Church

THE POWER OF
THE CHURCH
The Middle Ages in Europe, 500 AD – 1500 AD
Part IV
LEARNING GOAL & RUBRIC
•
GOAL: Evaluate the relationship between the
Catholic Church and kings in Western Europe in the
Middle Ages.
RUBRIC
4. Research how and why the relationship between the
Church and kings in the Middle Ages came to be.
3. Evaluate the relationship between the Catholic
Church and kings in Western Europe in the Middle
Ages.
2. Summarize the relationship between the Church and
the kings in Western Europe during the Middle Ages.
1. Identify the leader of the Catholic Church & with a
reminder, identify what power he claimed over kings
during the Middle Ages in Western Europe.
BRIEF REVIEW
• Weak
Central Governments
• Feudalism
King
• Nobles/ Clergy
• Knights
• Peasants/ Serfs
•
• Catholic
•
Pope
Church
WHO HAS THE POWER?
The Church?
OR
The kings?
HOW WAS THE CHURCH ORGANIZED?
The
Pope
Bishops
(in cities)
Priests
(in small towns and villages)
CLERGY
THE CHURCH: BRINGING EUROPEANS TOGETHER
•A
•
unifying force in society
Everybody wanted to get to heaven →
everybody was a member of the Church
• To
get to heaven, one had to take part in the
sacraments
•
Sacraments: important religious ceremonies (examples?)
• On
manors and in villages, the local church
was not just a place to worship, but a social
meeting place too.
•
Festivals (Easter & Christmas) were celebrated there
too.
THE CHURCH: KEEPING SOCIETY IN ORDER
•
Canon Law: Church law
•
The Pope had the power of excommunication
•
If this did not work, the Pope could use the interdict
•
This meant that no sacraments could be given at churches in
the king’s territory.
•
Why do you think this would be an effective tool?
WHO IS THE LEADER OF THE
CATHOLIC CHURCH?
1. The Dalai Lama
2. The King
3. The Presbyter
4. The Pope
0%
1
96%
0%
2
4%
3
4
WHAT POWER DID THE POPE HAVE IN
EXCOMMUNICATION?
He could stop all
letters and books from
being written
2. He could ban
someone from the
Church
3. He could use his army
to fight against the
Muslims
4. He could change the
meaning of the Bible
1.
96%
0%
1
0%
2
3
4%
4
LEARNING GOAL & RUBRIC
•
GOAL: Evaluate the relationship between the
Catholic Church and kings in Western Europe in the
Middle Ages.
RUBRIC
4. Research how and why the relationship between the
Church and kings in the Middle Ages came to be.
3. Evaluate the relationship between the Catholic
Church and kings in Western Europe in the Middle
Ages.
2. Summarize the relationship between the Church and
the kings in Western Europe during the Middle Ages.
1. Identify the leader of the Catholic Church & with a
reminder, identify what power he claimed over kings
during the Middle Ages in Western Europe.
THE CHURCH & THE HOLY ROMAN
EMPIRE
• Otto
I (Otto the Great)
Became king in 936
• Allies with the Pope and the bishops
• He took over other countries and even Italy
• Crowned Emperor by the Pope in 962
•
• Otto’s kingdom became known as
the Holy Roman Empire
• Otto’s Empire was almost as large as
Charlemagne’s
• Some Italians and some Popes did not
like how powerful the German Holy
Roman Empire had become.
POPE
• Lay
VS.
EMPEROR
Investiture
When kings and princes would pick people
to become clergy rather than the Pope.
• The Popes did not like this because it took
some of their power.
•
• Pope
Gregory VII banned lay
investiture in 1075.
This created an argument between him
and Emperor Henry IV of the Holy Roman Empire.
• Henry ordered the Pope to step down, the Pope
excommunicated him.
• Henry begged for forgiveness and Pope Gregory
ended the excommunication. At Canossa in 1077.
•
THE CONCORDAT OF WORMS
• The
issue was still lay investiture
• In
1122, the successors of Gregory and Henry
came to an agreement that the Pope alone
could pick bishops, but the Emperor could veto
or cancel the pick.
• This
gave back some power to the kings.
FREDERICK I, BARBAROSSA
•
In 1152, Barbarossa (red beard) came to power as the
Holy Roman Emperor
•
He was a powerful military leader
•
He invaded Italy a couple of times
This made many powerful Italians (including the Pope) angry.
• They formed an army and fought against him at the Battle of Legnano in
1176.
•
•
Using the crossbow, the Italian forces beat Barbarossa’s
army. This was shameful for the Germans.
•
After he died in 1190, Barbarossa’s Empire fell to pieces.
•
The Empire remained weak for many years. Many other
Germans clashed with the Pope and Italians. Germans
did not have one unified central government.
HOW DID LAY INVESTITURE EFFECT
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN KINGS AND THE
POPE?
It brought them closer
together.
2. The kings supported the
Pope’s power to choose
Bishops.
3. The Pope and the kings
both wanted to have the
power to pick Bishops.
4. The Pope was fine with
kings paying their knights
for the wars.
1.
100%
0%
1
0%
2
0%
3
4
LEARNING GOAL & RUBRIC
•
GOAL: Evaluate the relationship between the
Catholic Church and kings in Western Europe in the
Middle Ages.
RUBRIC
4. Research how and why the relationship between the
Church and kings in the Middle Ages came to be.
3. Evaluate the relationship between the Catholic
Church and kings in Western Europe in the Middle
Ages.
2. Summarize the relationship between the Church and
the kings in Western Europe during the Middle Ages.
1. Identify the leader of the Catholic Church & with a
reminder, identify what power he claimed over kings
during the Middle Ages in Western Europe.
EXIT QUESTIONS
•
Write the answer to this question on a piece of paper with your
name on it and hand it to me on your way out.
• QUESTIONS:
What can you tell me about
the relationship between the Catholic
Church and kings in Western Europe
during the Middle Ages?
• Who
claimed to have the most power?
• What
gave him this power?