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Elbow Injuries FYI Functions with any ______________ extremity movement. Prone to ______________ and _______________ injuries because it is the sight of many muscle ___________________________. Anatomy ___________________ joint 3 major bones: ________________, _____________________, __________________. Ulna is __________________ to the end of the humerus and forms a _____________ joint. Radius is on the ______________ side of the _____________________. ○ Able to _________________, causing ________________ and ______________ of the forearm. Ligaments Joint _____________________ (a ligament) _________________ the elbow and gives some general ____________________ to the joint. Other primary ligaments that provide stability: ○ _______________ collateral-stabilize the ____________________ aspect ○ ___________________ collateral-stabilize the ____________________aspect ○ ________________ collateral-helps _____________ the radius and ulna ___________________ near the elbow joint ________________________ membrane-tissue that __________ the radius and ulna from the elbow to wrist and ___________ the two bones from _____________________. Muscles ____________________-primarily performs elbow ____________________. ____________________-primarily performs elbow ____________________. Wrist _____________________-attach to the ___________________ epicondyle of humerus Wrist _____________________-attach to the ___________________ epicondyle of humerus **________________________-rounded articular area. **both muscles help stabilize the elbow. Preventing Elbow Injuries Not a __________________injured joint. Most _________________ seen at the elbow joint are _________________ by ________________. Most athletes pay more ____________________ to strengthening the _______________ and ____________________, and they _____________to properly __________________ some of the ________________ muscles of the wrist (vital to preventing overuse injuries). Ligament Injuries Sprains classified as _____________, __________________, or _______________ degree. ___________________ collateral seem to be more _________________ to sprains than the other ligaments Especially in athletes who ________________, due to the amount of ___________placed on the _______________aspect of the elbow. Valgus Stress Forcing the ___________________ aspect of the joint to _________________ or spread apart as the ___________________ moves _____________________ Characterized by ____________________elbow pain and _____________________. Joint ___________________ may be present. Treated using _____________________ Rehab: strengthening the wrist ______________________ Radial Collateral Injuries Very _________________ Same characteristics of _______________ collateral injuries except the pain and swelling would be on the ________________ side. Rehab: strengthening the wrist ___________________ Muscle and Tendon Injuries Strains often caused by either _________________ resistive forces or ________________. Can occur to elbow ___________________ or __________________, as well as to the ___________________ flexors and wrist extensors Elbow Flexor Strain Often caused by a _________________ movement that includes the _____________ and _____________________ together. “two-joint muscles” are very prone to strains. Muscles involved with __________________ movement at more than ___________joint Ex. Biceps-flexes elbow and shoulder Degrees of a Flexor Strain _____________________-characterized by ________________ at the ____________ aspect of the elbow and ____________________ swelling. Some ______________ when elbow flexion is ___________________. Moderate-mild to moderate amounts of ____________________ and marked ______________. **treated with __________________ Complete _______________ needs to be referred to team _________________ Elbow Extensor Strain Excessive __________________ to the _______________ muscle will often cause tissue damage to the elbow extensors. Needs to be _________________ carefully because the ________________ tendon can often pull a bit of bone away from the ________________. Characteristics are the ________________ as a flexor strain except the ___________ will be at the ____________________ aspect. Treatment: ______________ Wrist Flexor Strains Caused by ___________________ resistance during wrist ______________ movements or from __________________. Result in _____________ over the medial ________________ of the humerus or the _____________ of the forearm. Treated with ________________ and activity should be _________________. Wrist Extensor Strains Caused by excessive ___________________ during wrist _________________ movements or _________________ Result in pain over the ________________ epicondyle of the humerus. Treated with __________________ and activity should be modified. Lateral Epicondylitis Caused by ______________ mechanics and __________________use over a long period of time. ____________________ sports are the most common cause Aka ________________________ Characterized by _____________ over the ______________ epicondyle of the humerus and minimal ______________________. Treatment: __________________, a ____________________, and _________________ activity Medial Epicondylitis Not as _________________ as lateral epicondylitis. Often a result of _________________ throwing. Aka “_________________________” Treatment: ___________________ and limiting _____________________. Bone Injuries Fractures to the ________________ end of the humerus are not __________________. If they do occur, it is often _____________ to a very ____________________mechanism Ex. Hand being planted on the ground and someone forcing the arm into excessive side bending. ATC must consider __________ type of elbow ________________ an __________________ because they can result in ____________________ of an __________________ or nerve Epiphyseal and Avulsion Fractures More ________________ on the ________________ eipcondyle or olecranon aspect ______________________-process of the ulna projecting behind the elbow joint. Epiphyseal injury ____________________ whenever there is ________________, pain, and loss of movement. _____________________ pain and ______________________ indicate an avulsion fracture. Either injury should be _____________________ to a team physician Ulna Dislocation Elbow is one of the _________________ commonly dislocated _______________ in the body. Takes a very ______________________ injury to dislocate the ulna from the humerus. Violent hyperextension or a severe blow to the lateral aspect of the elbow Obvious ____________________ Should be ____________________ splinted in the __________________ in which it is found Needs to be ____________________ by a physician Olecranon Bursitis Happens when the olecranon process is ___________________. Olecranon bursa becomes ____________________. Causes a lot of _________________ to build up at the “tip” of the elbow Rarely disabling, but build up can become the size of a ________________ ball. Treatment: _____________________ wrap or may need to be __________________. __________________ may need to be applied to _________________ the elbow from further bruising.