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Salivary Gland =D Bailie Van Leuven Focus! • What are the different types of salivary glands? • What does saliva do? Where is it? • In the mouth =D Sublingual gland Parotid Gland Submandibular Gland Anatomy & Physiology The Salivary glands are situated at the entrance of the gastrointestinal system. • Parotid Glands • Largest of the glands • Located in the subcutaneous tissues of the face overlying the mandibular ramus and anterior and inferior to the external ear. • Only about 25% of saliva is produced here. • Secretes a serous substance. • enters the oral cavity through the Stensen's duct after passing through the intercalated ducts • Submandibular Glands • • • • • Much smaller than the Parotid Glands Located beneath the floor of the mouth, superior to the digastric muscles. 70% of Saliva is produced Secretion is a mixture of serous and mucus. Enters oral cavity through the Whartons duct. …. • Sublingual Glands – – – – Located beneath the floor of the mouth anterior to the submandibular glands The secretion is mainly mucous. They are drained by 8-20 excretory ducts called the ducts of Rivinus. Produces 5% of the saliva. • Minor Salivary Glands – – – Over 600 minor glands located in the oral cavity. Secretion is mainly mucous Coats the oral cavity in saliva. • Von Ebner’s Glands – – found in circumvallate papillae of the tongue Secretes a serous fluid that begins liquid hydrosis/ essential to taste Sjögren's Syndrome D= • What is it? – It’s an autoimmune disorder where immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva. – 9 out of 10 patients are women & usually begins in the late 40’s. – Second most common autoimmune rheumatic disease. Signs & Symptoms • Associated with rheumatoid arthritis. • Dry mouth and eyes. • Dryness of the skin and nose • May affect other organs, such as kidneys, blood vessels, lungs, liver, pancreas, and brain. • Lacrimal function declines Diagnoses Process • Blood tests can be done to determine if a patient has high levels of antibodies that are indicative of the condition, such as anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and rheumatoid factor (because SS frequently occurs secondary to rheumatoid arthritis) • Lip biopsy to search for lymphocytes clustered around the salivary glands. • A contrast agent is injected into the parotid duct. Widespread puddling of the injected contrast scattered throughout the gland indicates Sjögren's syndrome Treatments • There is not permanent cure for SS. • Can cure symptoms through: • moisture replacement therapies • Perscription drugs used to stimulate salivary flow • Prevantative Dental Treatment (flouride, teeth cleanings, Factoids • Most animals have salivary glands resembling humans. • Ducts carry the secretions of the salivary glands into the mouth cavity • Saliva helps to keep the mouth moist, softens the food, and converts starch to sugar, which initiates the process of digestion • The flow of saliva is stimulated by the presence of food in your mouth. • Salivary Glands secrete amylase. • Amylase breaks down starch into glucose • In insects, salivary glands also produce proteins like silk, and glues. Works Cited • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salivary_gland • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%B6gre n's_syndrome • http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/salivary _glands.aspx
