Download AVI20 EGYPT

EGYPT: The Art of Immortality (pg. 8-9 The Annotated Mona Lisa Text)
1. Egyptian art remained unchanged for ______________________ years. Their overriding concern
was assuring a __________________________ for their rulers, who were considered
_______________________.
2. In the pursuit of permanence, the Egyptians established the essentials of a major
civilization: _______________________, ________________________________ and
________________________________.
3. What is the “Rosetta Stone?”
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. Who cracked the hieroglyphics code?
________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Since Egyptians believed the pharaoh’s ___________, or spirit, was ____________________, they
stocked the tomb with ______________________________ for it to enjoy in perpetuity.
6. What were wall paintings and hieroglyphics in the tombs for ?
________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Why were portrait statues placed in the tombs?
________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Sculpture and paintings followed a rigid formula for representing the
human figure. In acres of stone carvings and drawings, the human form is
depicted with a front view of the _______________ and _______________________
and profile view of ______________, ______________________, and
_________________________. In wall paintings, the surface is divided into
____________________________ bands separated by ___________________.
9. What does the size of a figure in Egyptian art indicate?
____________________________________________________________________________________
10. Since statues were intended to last __________________ , they were made of hard substances
like _____________________ and _______________________. Whether standing
or seated, they included _____________________________ parts. The pose
was always ___________________________ and _______________________________,
with arms close to the torso. Human anatomy was usually, at best,
an ______________________________________.
11. QUEEN NEFERTITI, C. 1360 B.C.
Nefertiti’s husband, Pharaoh Akhenaton, was a radical
___________________________ and an ___________________, who encouraged a
temporary loosening of artistic conventions, seen in this more
naturalistic representations of his wife (to the right).
How does the picture (to the left) of Akhenaton and Nefertiti show
both the old artistic conventions and a loosening of those
conventions? _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
12. MUMMY ART: To provide a durable receptacle for the deceased’s spirit, the
Egyptians perfected the science of ________________________. Preserving the body began
with extracting the deceased’s ___________________________ through the _____________________
with a metal hook. Viscera, like the ______________, __________________________,
______________________ and ________________
were removed and preserved in separate urns. What was left was then soaked in
______________ for more than a month, after which the pickled cadaver was literally
_________________________________________________. The shriveled body was then _____________________,
women’s breasts padded, the corpse swaddled in layers of bandages, and finally interred in
nested coffins and a stone _____________________________.”
13. In 1881, ____________ dead king’s bodies were discovered, including that of
_________________________, whose dried skin, teeth and hair were still intact. The _________________
year old monarch, in whose court ________________ grew up, was called “ _____________________”
and with good reason; he fathered more than _____________ children during his opulent _____
year reign. Yet, when a customs inspector surveyed Ramses’ mortal remains during the
transfer of the mummy of Cairo, he labeled it “ ______________________________________.”
14. General contracting for the GREAT PYRAMID – The Great Pyramid of
___________________ at ___________ is the largest stone structure in the world. Ancient Egyptians
leveled its ______ acre site – the base a perfect _______________- so successfully that the
southeast corner is only _____________inch higher than the northwest. Since the interior is an
almost solid mass of _________________ slabs, massive weight of stone above. The Grand
Gallery’s ceiling was ____________ and ____________ , while the king’s chamber had six
___________________ roofs above separate compartments to relieve stress and displace the
weight of overhead blocks. Built in _________________B.C. to last forever, so far it has. If you
were to construct the Great Pyramid, this is what you’d need:
SUPPLIES: ___________________ limestone blocks, each weighing 2.5 tons, rudimentary
_________________________ tools, ___________________ to float blocks from quarry on east side of Nile
to west bank, ____________________________, temporary brick ramps, ______________________________ to
haul stone to construction site, _______________________________ limestone facing to surface
finished 480 –foot tall pyramid.
LABOUR: ________________________ construction workers to move blocks weighing up to
______________tons, without benefit of draft ______________, the ________________, or block-andtackle. ESTIMATED COMPLETION TIME: _________ years
15. SCHEMATIC DESIGN OF THE PYRAMID –
The inner design of the pyramid included two __________________ (1
and 2), which were left incomplete. The final _______________ (3) was
reached through the ____________________(4), and was ventilated by
two narrow ______________________ (5 and 6). After the
_______________________ (7) was sealed from within by stone plugs,
workmen in the Gallery escaped down a ______________ (8) and up
the Descending Corridor (9).
16. KING TUT’S TOMB- In life, King Tutankhamen, who died at the
age of _______, was unimportant. However, his ___________ is the only
one to be discovered in its near-original condition.
17. Describe the funerary regalia that came from Tut’s tomb:
_________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
EGYPT: The Art of Immortality (pg. 8-9 The Annotated Mona Lisa Text)
ANSWERS*
1. Egyptian art remained unchanged for 3,000 years. Their overriding concern was assuring
a comfortable afterlife for their rulers, who were considered GODS
2. In the pursuit of permanence, the Egyptians established the essentials of a major
civilization: literature, medical science and higher mathematics
3. What is the “Rosetta Stone?”
A slab of black basalt with the same inscription in three languages, including Greek
hieroglyphics
4. Who cracked the hieroglyphics code?
French linguist Jean-Francois Champollion
5. Since Egyptians believed the pharaoh’s Ka or spirit, was immortal they stocked the tomb
with every earthly delight for it to enjoy in perpetuity.
6. What were wall paintings and hieroglyphics in the tombs for ?
a form of instant replay, inventorying the deceased’s life and daily activities in
minute detail
7. Why were portrait statues placed in the tombs?
Provided an alternative dwelling place for the ka, in case the mummified corpse
deteriorated and could no longer house it.
8. Sculpture and paintings followed a rigid formula for representing the
human figure. In acres of stone carvings and drawings, the human form is
depicted with a front view of the eye and shoulders and profile view of
head, arms and legs. In wall paintings, the surface is divided into
horizontal bands separated by lines
9. What does the size of a figure in Egyptian art indicate?
The size of a figure indicated rank, with pharaohs presented as giants
towering over pygmy-size servants
10. Since statues were intended to last eternally they were made of hard substances like
granite anddiorite Whether standing or seated, they included few
projecting parts. The pose was always frontal and bisymmetrical
with arms close to the torso. Human anatomy was usually, at best,
an approximation
11. QUEEN NEFERTITI, C. 1360 B.C.
Nefertiti’s husband, Pharaoh Akhenaton, was a radical reformer
and an artist who encouraged a temporary loosening of artistic
conventions, seen in this more naturalistic representations of his
wife (to the right).
How does the picture (to the left) of Akhenaton and Nefertiti show
both the old artistic conventions and a loosening of those
conventions? Still follows rigid formula for representing
human figure (side profile except eyes and shoulders –
frontal) the figures appear a little less rigid and more curvy/
flowing (naturalistic) than conventional. Also the figures are
fairly equal in size (even though king usually quite a bit
bigger)
12. MUMMY ART: To provide a durable receptacle for the deceased’s spirit, the
Egyptians perfected the science of embalming Preserving the body began with
extracting the deceased’s brains through the nostril with a metal hook. Viscera, like
the liver, lungs, stomach and intestines were removed and preserved in separate
urns. What was left was then soaked in brine for more than a month, after which the
pickled cadaver was literally hung out to dry. The shriveled body was then stuffed
women’s breasts padded, the corpse swaddled in layers of bandages, and finally interred in
nested coffins and a stone sarcophagus.
13. In 1881,40 dead king’s bodies were discovered, including that of Ramses II whose dried
skin, teeth and hair were still intact. The 3,000 year old monarch, in whose court Moses
grew up, was called The Great and with good reason; he fathered more than 100 children
during his opulent 67 year reign. Yet, when a customs inspector surveyed Ramses’ mortal
remains during the transfer of the mummy of Cairo, he labeled it “ dried fish”
14. General contracting for the GREAT PYRAMID – The Great Pyramid of Cheops at Giza
is the largest stone structure in the world. Ancient Egyptians leveled its13 acre site – the
base a perfect square so successfully that the southeast corner is only one half inch higher
than the northwest. Since the interior is an almost solid mass of limestone slabs, massive
weight of stone above. The Grand Gallery’s ceiling was tiered and braced while the king’s
chamber had six granite slab roofs above separate compartments to relieve stress and
displace the weight of overhead blocks. Built in 2600 B.C. to last forever, so far it has. If you
were to construct the Great Pyramid, this is what you’d need:
SUPPLIES: 2,300,000 limestone blocks, each weighing 2.5 tons, rudimentary copper and
stone cutting tools and barges to float blocks from quarry on east side of Nile to west
bank, log rollers temporary brick ramps, wooden sledges to haul stone to construction
site, pearly white limestone facing to surface finished 480 –foot tall pyramid.
LABOUR: 4,000 construction workers to move blocks weighing up to 15 tons, without
benefit of draft animals the wheel or block-and-tackle. ESTIMATED COMPLETION TIME:
23 years
15. SCHEMATIC DESIGN OF THE PYRAMID –
The inner design of the pyramid included two burial chambers (1
and 2), which were left incomplete. The final chamber(3) was
reached through the grand gallery(4), and was ventilated by two
narrow air shafts (5 and 6). After the _Ascending Corridor(7)
was sealed from within by stone plugs, workmen in the Gallery
escaped down a _shaft(8) and up the Descending Corridor (9).
16. KING TUT’S TOMB- In life, King Tutankhamen, who died at the
age of _19 was unimportant. However, his tomb is the only one to
be discovered in its near-original condition.
17. Describe the funerary regalia that came from Tut’s tomb:
“everywhere the glint of gold” : the contents ranged from baskets of
fruit and garlands of flowers still tinged with colour, a folding camp bed
and a toybox, to four chariots completely covered with gold. Indeed
gold was the prevailing decorating motif; golden couches, gilded
throne, gold walls, a 6’2” coffin of solid gold as well as the now famous
solid gold death mask covering the royal mummys face in the
innermost of the three nested coffins *King Tut’s artifacts toured the
world’s museums and attracted more visitors than any other single art show
in history..