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Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... > The Growth of the Colonies The Growth of the Colonies • A Growing Society • A Diverse Population • Religious Diversity • German Migration • Settlers and Native Americans • Colonial Society • The Consumer Revolution • Colonial Cities • An Empire of Commerce Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... > The Growth of the Colonies A Growing Society • Many towns and counties subsidized infrastructure projects in order to encourage economic growth. • The colonies also established a legal system that would help support business practices. • New England was characterized by a values system that prioritized hard work. • Economic improvements reverberated throughout society and improved the standard of living for everyone. 17th Century Map of New England, by Nicolaes Visscher II View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-expansion-and-crises-of-the-colonies-1650-1750-4/the-growth-ofthe-colonies-53/a-growing-society-321-547 The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... > The Growth of the Colonies A Diverse Population • New England was settled by a highly educated, agricultural demographic, and its population grew thanks to favorable weather conditions that kept disease low. • The middle colonies were founded by many different ethnic and religious groups, due to policies of tolerance. • Many of the frontier provinces saw influxes of immigrants due to the availability of cheap land. William Penn at Age 22, Possibly by Sir Peter Lely View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-expansion-and-crises-of-the-colonies-1650-1750-4/the-growth-ofthe-colonies-53/a-diverse-population-322-8536 The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... > The Growth of the Colonies Religious Diversity • Deism is a broad religious system that stresses morality and gave rise to Unitarianism. • The Great Awakening was a religious revival in which preachers emphasized the emotional, rather than the intellectual, side of religion. • The Mennonites are a splinter religious group that emigrated mostly to Pennsylvania; Methodists originally settled in New England but spread through the colonies; and Moravians also emigrated to Pennsylvania. • Judaism arrived in New York in the mid-17th century, and Jews almost immediately faced persecution. • Catholicism began as a protected religion in the colony of Maryland, but support Portrait of William Penn View on Boundless.com for the religion soon eroded. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-expansion-and-crises-of-the-colonies-1650-1750-4/the-growth-ofthe-colonies-53/religious-diversity-323-8992 The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... > The Growth of the Colonies German Migration • German immigrants were renowned for their efficient agricultural practices. • The German community in Pennsylvania came to be known as the Pennsylvania Dutch community. • Most German immigrants arrived as redemptioners or indentured servants during the 18th century, although a small minority settled after they had been taken prisoner during the Revolutionary War. Menno Simons by Christoffel van Sichem, 1610. View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-expansion-and-crises-of-the-colonies-1650-1750-4/the-growth-ofthe-colonies-53/german-migration-324-8566 The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... > The Growth of the Colonies Settlers and Native Americans • Colonial governments often tried to negotiate with Native Americans to acquire more land by treaty, but settlers did not always respect the terms of those treaties. • During the American Revolution, the newly proclaimed United States competed with the British for the allegiance of Native American nations east of the Mississippi River. • Some settlers arrived with the mission of converting Native Americans to Christianity. • Frontier warfare during the American Revolution was particularly brutal, and numerous atrocities were committed by settlers and native tribes alike. The Treaty of Penn with the Indians, by Benjamin West, 1771-1772 View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-expansion-and-crises-of-the-colonies-1650-1750-4/the-growth-ofthe-colonies-53/settlers-and-native-americans-325-123 The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... > The Growth of the Colonies Colonial Society • In the North, many colonists lived on small, self-sufficient farms and enjoyed a fairly high level of education and personal liberty. • Many in New England also based their lifestyle on the sea and became merchants or fishermen. • The Mid-Atlantic region was also heavily agricultural, but its lifestyle practices differed depending on the ethnicity of immigrants to the region. • The Southern colonies built their society around the system of plantations and, subsequently, many of the inhabitants of those colonies were enslaved Africans. Old Ship Church, Hingham, Massachusetts.Ca.1880. View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-expansion-and-crises-of-the-colonies-1650-1750-4/the-growth-ofthe-colonies-53/colonial-society-326-2433 The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... > The Growth of the Colonies The Consumer Revolution • Many of the colonies began as private business ventures, but were turned over to the colonists when they did not show quick profits. • Initially, many colonists lived on small farms and were self-sufficient. • Small local industries, like sawmills and gristmills, emerged as the colonies grew. • New England quickly specialized in shipbuilding and merchant shipping, while the South exported agricultural products from its slave economy.The middle colonies traded general crops and furs. 18th century advertisement for Virginia tobacco. View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-expansion-and-crises-of-the-colonies-1650-1750-4/the-growth-ofthe-colonies-53/the-consumer-revolution-327-1710 The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... > The Growth of the Colonies Colonial Cities • Merchants dominated urban society and built large mansions. • The middle class of urban society consisted of specialized professionals, many of whom supported the shipyards. • Day laborers stood at the bottom of the social order, and worked on the docks unloading goods or as sailors on merchant ships. • Education was primarily the responsibility of families, but numerous religious groups, especially the Puritans in New England, established tax-supported elementary schools so their children could read the Bible. View of New York harbor, ca. 1770 View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-expansion-and-crises-of-the-colonies-1650-1750-4/the-growth-ofthe-colonies-53/colonial-cities-328-11219 The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... > The Growth of the Colonies An Empire of Commerce • Mercantilism is the effective control of colonial trade by the mother country; in this case, it meant that Britain controlled almost all American trade. • Americans often retaliated against mercantilism by smuggling and there was a lively pirate trade of American exports and imports. • The British used surplus profits from the mercantile system to finance the Royal Navy. La Baleine, 1840 View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-expansion-and-crises-of-the-colonies-1650-1750-4/the-growth-ofthe-colonies-53/an-empire-of-commerce-329-4600 Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... Key terms • charter A document issued by some authority, creating a public or private institution, and defining its purposes and privileges. • Christianity An Abrahamic religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ and various scholars who wrote the Christian Bible. • craft Ability; dexterity; skill, especially skill in making plans and carrying them into execution; dexterity in managing affairs; adroitness; practical cunning. • Deism The religious philosophy and movement prominent in England, France, and the United States in the 17th and 18th centuries that rejects supernatural events (prophecy, miracles) and divine revelation.Deism was an attempt to reconcile science and religion. • expansion The act or process of expanding. • export This term export is derived from the conceptual meaning to ship the goods and services out of the port of a country. • freehold ownership Freehold ownership meant owning land free and clear, with the right to resell it to anyone • frontier A political and geographical term referring to areas near or beyond a boundary. • German Of or relating to the country of Germany. • import Something brought in from an exterior source, especially for sale or trade. • laborer One who uses body strength instead of intellectual power to earn a wage, usually hourly. • Maryland Experiment The first introduction of Catholicism into the colonies, when King Charles I issued a generous charter to Lord Cecil Calvert, a prominent Catholic convert from Anglicanism, for the colony of Maryland. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... • mercantilism Mercantilism is an economic theory that holds that the prosperity of a nation depends upon its supply of capital and that the global volume of trade is "unchangeable." • merchant A person who traffics in commodities for profit. • merchant A person who traffics in commodities for profit. • migration Physical movement by humans from one area to another, sometimes over long distances or in large groups. • Moravians Moravians are the modern West Slavic inhabitants of the historical land of Moravia, the easternmost part of the Czech Republic, which includes the Moravian Slovakia. • Native Americans Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples in North America within the boundaries of the present-day continental United States, parts of Alaska, and the island state of Hawaii. • New England Collectively, the six states of the United States colonized by the English in the seventeenth century, namely Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. • Pennsylvania Dutch The Amish; those people of German origin who settled in the Pennsylvania area prior to 1800. • Philadelphia Largest city in Pennsylvania, located in southeastern part of the state along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers.Site of the Independence Hall; former capital of United States.Nicknamed "City of Brotherly Love". • Protestant Ethic The Protestant work ethic (or the Puritan work ethic) is a concept in sociology, economics, and history, attributable to the work of Max Weber. • Royal Navy The Royal Navy is the principal naval warfare service branch of the British Armed Forces.From the end of the 17th century until well into the 20th century it was the most powerful navy in the world, playing a key part in establishing the British Empire as the dominant world power. • shipbuilding The construction of ships. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... • smuggling The clandestine transportation of goods or persons, such as out of a building, into a prison, or across an international border, in violation of applicable laws or other regulations. • yeoman farmers Yeoman refers chiefly to a free man owning his own farm, especially from the Elizabethan era to the 17th century. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... La Baleine, 1840 Whaling was an important aspect of the Northern economy in the colonial era. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "La Baleine." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:La_Baleine.jpg View on Boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... William Penn at Age 22, Possibly by Sir Peter Lely William Penn advocated religious tolerance in the New World and strengthened the Quaker movement in North America. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "William Penn at 22 1666." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William_Penn_at_22_1666.jpg View on Boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... Portrait of William Penn William Penn founded Pennsylvania as a colony operating according to Quaker principles. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "William Penn." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William_Penn.png View on Boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... Drawing of Roger Williams statue, by Franklin Simmons, 1903. Roger Williams, president of the Colony of Rhode Island, was a religious reformer and early Baptist. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Roger Williams statue by Franklin Simmons." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Roger_Williams_statue_by_Franklin_Simmons.jpg View on Boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... The Treaty of Penn with the Indians, by Benjamin West, 1771-1772 This painting depicts William Penn signing a peace treaty in 1683 with a Delaware chief in Pennsylvania. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Treaty of Penn with Indians by Benjamin West." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Treaty_of_Penn_with_Indians_by_Benjamin_West.jpg View on Boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... View of New York harbor, ca. 1770 New York grew rapidly in significance as a major harbor in the colonial era. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "New York City harbor print." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:New_York_City_harbor_print.jpg View on Boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... Old Ship Church, Hingham, Massachusetts.Ca.1880. Religious meetinghouses were important centers of community life in the colonies. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "PewsOldShip." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PewsOldShip.jpeg View on Boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... 18th century engraving of Shipping Scene in Salem, Massachusetts by Balthasar Leizelt. Salem was a major shipping hub in the 1770s. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Economic history of the United States." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_States#Colonial_era View on Boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... 17th Century Map of New England, by Nicolaes Visscher II New England was an early center of trade in the New World's growing society. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Map-Novi Belgii Novæque Angliæ (Amsterdam, 1685)." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MapNovi_Belgii_Nov%25C3%25A6que_Angli%25C3%25A6_(Amsterdam,_1685).jpg View on Boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... Reproduction of a handbill advertising a slave auction, in Charleston, South Carolina, 1769 The Atlantic slave trade contributed greatly to the economic growth of the colonies. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Slave Auction Ad." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Slave_Auction_Ad.jpg View on Boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... Menno Simons by Christoffel van Sichem, 1610. The persecution of the Mennonites, followers of Menno Simons and other Anabaptists contributed to early waves of German immigration to North America. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "MennoSimons." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MennoSimons.gif View on Boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... Portrait of John Calvin Calvinism and Puritanism had a profound and lasting impact on the Protestant faith in the United States. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Calvin." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Calvin.png View on Boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... View of Baltimore from Chapel Hill, by Francis Guy, 1802 - 1803 Baltimore grew rapidly in the 18th Century, ultimately becoming the largest city in the American South. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Brooklyn Museum - View of Baltimore from Chapel Hill - Francis Guy - overall." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum__View_of_Baltimore_from_Chapel_Hill_-_Francis_Guy_-_overall.jpg View on Boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... 18th century advertisement for Virginia tobacco. Tobacco became a crucial product in the consumer revolution of the colonial era and early American history. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Martin's Best Virginia tobacco advertisement." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Martin%2527s_Best_Virginia_tobacco_advertisement.jpg View on Boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... Portrait of John Jacob Astor, by Gilbert Stuart, 1794 German immigrant John Jacob Astor was the first millionaire in the United States Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "John Jacob Astor." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Jacob_Astor.jpg View on Boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... An important driver of economic growth in colonial New England was A) the abundance of land B) government policies to resolve disputes, enforce contracts, and protect property C) early marriage D) technological innovation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... An important driver of economic growth in colonial New England was A) the abundance of land B) government policies to resolve disputes, enforce contracts, and protect property C) early marriage D) technological innovation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... Which of the following helped encourage population growth in New England? A) A continual influx of African slaves B) A continual influx of German settlers C) An nutrient-rich but limited food supply D) A climate that killed disease-bearing insects Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... Which of the following helped encourage population growth in New England? A) A continual influx of African slaves B) A continual influx of German settlers C) An nutrient-rich but limited food supply D) A climate that killed disease-bearing insects Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... All of the following religious groups were represented in the colonies EXCEPT A) Sephardic Jews B) Moravians C) Salafists D) Mennonites Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... All of the following religious groups were represented in the colonies EXCEPT A) Sephardic Jews B) Moravians C) Salafists D) Mennonites Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... German settlers in Pennsylvania were noted for which of the following? A) Their strong musical culture B) All of these answers C) Their animal husbandry D) Their political inactivity, up until 1740 Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... German settlers in Pennsylvania were noted for which of the following? A) Their strong musical culture B) All of these answers C) Their animal husbandry D) Their political inactivity, up until 1740 Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... Which of the following was a reason prompting the Native American tribes to lend their support the British at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War? A) The hope that a British victory would slow American westward expansion B) The fact that Native tribes had deep religious kinship with the British C) The fact that the British promised the Native tribes Dutch lands in the Caribbean D) The fact that the Treaty of Paris ceded huge tracts of Native American lands to the United States Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... Which of the following was a reason prompting the Native American tribes to lend their support the British at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War? A) The hope that a British victory would slow American westward expansion B) The fact that Native tribes had deep religious kinship with the British C) The fact that the British promised the Native tribes Dutch lands in the Caribbean D) The fact that the Treaty of Paris ceded huge tracts of Native American lands to the United States Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... In which region of the colonies did women have the most power (albeit still quite limited)? A) New England B) the South C) In no region did women have any power D) The mid-Atlantic Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... In which region of the colonies did women have the most power (albeit still quite limited)? A) New England B) the South C) In no region did women have any power D) The mid-Atlantic Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... The highest per capita income in the New World was to be found in A) New England B) Mexico C) the Southern colonies D) the mid-Atlantic Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... The highest per capita income in the New World was to be found in A) New England B) Mexico C) the Southern colonies D) the mid-Atlantic Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... Which of the following correctly pairs a colonial region with its central economic activity? A) Mid-Atlantic -- industrial manufacture B) South -- finance C) New England -- cash crops and the plantation system D) New England -- shipbuilding and sailing Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... Which of the following correctly pairs a colonial region with its central economic activity? A) Mid-Atlantic -- industrial manufacture B) South -- finance C) New England -- cash crops and the plantation system D) New England -- shipbuilding and sailing Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... Which of the following could be found working at or around a colonial seaport? A) African American slaves B) African American freemen C) All of these answers D) Married women Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... Which of the following could be found working at or around a colonial seaport? A) African American slaves B) African American freemen C) All of these answers D) Married women Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... At the outbreak of the Revolution, what percentage of the population was comprised of African slaves? A) 1% B) 20% C) 10% D) .1% Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... At the outbreak of the Revolution, what percentage of the population was comprised of African slaves? A) 1% B) 20% C) 10% D) .1% Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... Which of the following events encouraged farmers to move away from employing indentured servants and to increase their reliance on African slave labor? A) Shay's Rebellion B) The Whiskey Rebellion C) Bacon's Rebellion D) The mercantilist rebellion Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... Which of the following events encouraged farmers to move away from employing indentured servants and to increase their reliance on African slave labor? A) Shay's Rebellion B) The Whiskey Rebellion C) Bacon's Rebellion D) The mercantilist rebellion Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... Attribution • Wikipedia. "Native Americans in the United States." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States#18th_century_United_States • Wiktionary. "expansion." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/expansion • Wiktionary. "Christianity." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Christianity • Wikipedia. "Native Americans." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native%20Americans • Wikipedia. "Economic history of the United States." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_States#New_England • Wikipedia. "Protestant Ethic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant%20Ethic • Wiktionary. "merchant." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/merchant • Wiktionary. "shipbuilding." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shipbuilding • Wikipedia. "Economic history of the United States." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_States#Colonial_era • Wiktionary. "charter." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/charter • Wiktionary. "export." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/export • Wiktionary. "import." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/import • Wikipedia. "Colonial history of the United States." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States#Colonial_life • Wikipedia. "freehold ownership." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/freehold%20ownership • Wikipedia. "yeoman farmers." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/yeoman%20farmers • Wikipedia. "Triangular trade." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangular_trade • Wikipedia. "Thirteen colonies." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteen_colonies#Economic_policy Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com The Expansion and Crises of the Colonies: 1650-... • Wikibooks. "US History/English Colonies." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/US_History/English_Colonies#Mercantilism.2C_Salutary_Neglect_and_British_Interference • Wikibooks. "US History/English Colonies." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/US_History/English_Colonies#Mercantilism.2C_Salutary_Neglect_and_British_Interference • Wiktionary. "mercantilism." 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