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Chapter 5 and 6 Review True or False • Regional metamorphism is a change in structure of a rock due to contact with magma • False True or False • Crystal size in igneous rock is determined by how fast or slow magma cools • True True or False • Foliated rock contains two or more minerals • True True or False • Sedimentary rock requires heat and pressure to change • False True or False • Sedimentary rocks are classified by where magma cools and hardens • False • The name for this type of rock means “from fire” in Latin • Igneous • The name for this type of rock means “changed form” in Latin • Metamorphic • Name the three types of sedimentary rock • Clastic • Chemical • Organic • Who proposed the rock cycle • James Hutton • The process by which different minerals melt at different temperatures is called? • Partial Melting • The crystallization and removal of different minerals from cooling magma is called? • Fractional Crystallization • Features in which various sizes and kinds of minerals are deposited in one layer, with the smallest pieces at the top and the largest at the bottom? • Graded Bedding • What type of sedimentary rock is formed from minerals that were once dissolved in water? • Chemical • Which sedimentary rock has clay like particles? • Shale • Vesicular texture occurs when? • A. The rock cools fast • B. The rock melts • C. Gases causing bubbles are trapped in the rock • C. Gases causing bubbles are trapped in the rock • Rock that forms when existing rock is “changed” when heat and pressure is added • Metamorphic Rock • Rock that forms when magma or molten rock cools and hardens • Igneous Rock • The simplified pattern that illustrates the order in which minerals crystallize from cooling magma according to their chemical composition and melting point • Bowen’s Reaction Series • The series of processes in which rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological processes. • Rock Cycle • Rock that forms when deposits of dirt and rock are cemented and harden • Sedimentary Rock • Magma or igneous rock that has high amount of silica present • Felsic Rock • Rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath Earth’s surface • Intrusive igneous rock • Magma or igneous rock that has moderate amounts of silica present • Andesitic • Rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of lave at Earth’s surface • Extrusive igneous rock • Magma or igneous rock that has low amounts of silica present • Mafic • Layering of sedimentary rock • stratification • Collisions with other objects can cause particles to change size and shape • Angularity • Sediment that is separated according to size by water or air • Sorting • Water evaporates and dissolved minerals are deposited • Evaporites • Remains of organisms that are preserved in rock • Fossils • Ability of a mineral to resist scratching • Hardness • Mineral that contains silicon and oxygen atoms • Silicate • Mineral that does not contain silicon and oxygen compounds • Nonsilicate • Ratio of a substance’s mass to its volume • Density • Color or a mineral in powdered form • Streak • Most visible property, but less reliable way to identify minerals • Color • Tendency of a mineral to break and form uneven, irregular surfaces. • Fracture • Way that a mineral reflects light • Luster • Tendency of a mineral to split and from flat, smooth surfaces • Cleavage • Organic solid with characteristic chemical composition and physical properties • Mineral • List two of the three ways igneous rocks melt • Increase in temperature • Decrease in pressure • Addition of volatiles such as CO2 and H2O What else should you be able to do? • Make sure you can label caldera, volcano, dike, sill, batholith, and volcanic neck on a diagram. • Fill in the following diagram. You will be given the definitions.
