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Vocabulary Card Match
Lesson 1
heat
conduction
The movement of
thermal energy from
warmer to cooler
objects.
The transfer of energy
between two objects
that are touching.
convection
The transfer of energy
by flowing gases or
liquids, such as the
rising of warm air from
a heater.
conductor
A material through
which heat or
electricity
flows easily.
insulator
A material that slows
or stops the flow of
energy, such as heat,
electricity, and sound.
radiation
The transfer of energy
through space.
Vocabulary Card Match
Lesson 2
vibration
A back-and-forth
motion.
sound wave
An area of bunched-up
and spread-out
air particles that
moves outward in all
directions from a
vibration.
echo
A repetition of a sound
produced by
reflection of a sound
wave from a surface.
frequency
The number of
wavelengths that pass
a reference point in a
given amount of time.
pitch
The highness or
lowness of a sound as
determined by its
frequency.
wavelength
The distance from the
top of one wave to
the top of the next.
amplitude
The energy in a sound
wave.
volume
1. A measure of how
much space matter
takes up; 2. The
loudness or softness of
a sound.
Lessons 1-2 Notes
ALL sounds are made when matter vibrates.
Vibrates: moves quickly back and forth
Volume: the loudness or softness of a sound
The more energy you put into a sound, the louder the sound.
Ex.: When you shout you put a lot of energy into it. When
you whisper, you use much less energy. You can make a drum
sound loud or soft, depending on how much energy you put into it.
Pitch: the highness or lowness of a sound
Sound waves that have long wave lengths make a sound with a low
pitch. The sound waves have short wave lengths, and the sound
has a high pitch.
Ex: If you pluck the thin strings of the guitar; they vibrate
quickly and make a high pitch. If you pluck the thick strings, they
vibrate slowly, and make a low pitch.
Unpleasant sounds are called noise.
Ex.:
jet planes
Listening to loud music or other loud sounds for long periods of
time can cause hearing loss.
Sounds waves CANNOT travel through empty space. They must
travel through matter. Sounds travel faster in some materials than
they do in others.
How sound travels through AIR:
How sound travels through WATER:
How sound travels through WOOD:
Stethoscope: an instrument used to listen to the sounds of the heart
and lungs. It gathers sound and directs the sound waves into a
person’s ear.
Microphone: an instrument used to amplify voices, music, and
other sounds.
Electrical Signal: a form of energy that moves through a wire and
amplifies sound.
Amplify: to make stronger
Bullhorn: an instrument with a built-in microphone that makes
sound louder.
Vocabulary Card Match
Lesson 3
Prism
A thick piece of glass
that bends light,
separating white light
into bands of colored
light.
electromagnetic
spectrum
A range of all light
waves of varying
wavelengths, including
the visible spectrum.
refraction
The bending of light as it
passes from one
transparent material into
another.
reflection
The bouncing of light
waves off a surface.
opaque
Completely blocking
light from passing
through.
translucent
Letting only some light
through, so that
objects on the other side
appear blurry.
transparent
Letting all the light
through so that objects
on the other side can be
seen clearly.
Lesson 3 Notes
Light is a form of energy that you can see, the light energy that you
can see is called the visible spectrum.
During or After it rains, IF the sun shines through water droplets in
the air, the droplets break up the light into all different colors of the
visible spectrum, making a rainbow.
In the rainbow you can see the colors: red, orange, yellow, green,
blue, indigo, and violet.
Sources of light are: sun, fire, and electric lights, candles, matches,
and flashlights.
When you shine a flashlight on an object nearby it shines brightly.
When you shine a flashlight on an object farther away the light
ISN’T as bright because it spreads out.
Light energy moves in a straight line away from its source in
waves. Light waves can move through empty space.
Wavelength: the distance from a point on a wave to the same point
on the next wave.
The only kind of energy waves you can see are light waves.
A laser light waves all have the same wavelength. Laser light can
travel long distances without spreading.
Transparent: allows light to pass through so that you can see what
is behind it.
Example: Water
Translucent: allows light to pass through but scatters is so that
whatever is behind it cannot be seen clearly.
Example: Tissue paper
Opaque: does not allow light to pass through.
Example: Bricks
You can see colors because white light is made up of all the colors.
Transmit: to allow to pass through
Absorb: to take in
Reflect: to bounce back
Seeing Color of Transparent and Translucent Objects
Seeing Color of Opaque Objects
Convex Lens: a lens that is thicker in the middle than at the edges.
Each of your eyes has a convex lens.
When light rays hit the rough surface, they reflect in many
different directions. You cannot see the image.
Light sometimes bends or changes direction. Light travels at
different speeds through different materials; this makes the stems
below appear broken.
Light travels faster through air than it does through water. When
the rays move into the air, they change speed and bend. The stems
look broken.
Vocabulary Card Match
Lesson 4
static electricity
The buildup of electrical
charge on an object or
material.
discharge
The sudden movement of
an electric charge from
one object to another.
circuit
A path through which
electric current can flow.
current electricity
The flow of electrical
charges.
series circuit
parallel circuit
A circuit in which
electric current flows in
the same direction along
a single path.
A circuit in which
electric current flows
through more than one
path.
Lesson 4 Notes
All things are made up of matter. Matter is made up
of small bits of electric charges.
Electric charges can be positive charges or negative
charges.
charge
positive charge
(+)
negative
(-)
Most objects have the same number of positive and
negative charges. But this can change. For example,
if someone rubs their feet on the carpet, they pick up
extra negative charges. So, when someone has more
negative charges than positive charges, the extra
negative charges move to the positive charges in
another person, and that’s how a shock is created.
Electric charges in two things can cause
pushing or pulling.
When two objects have different charges, they pull
together.
When two objects have the same charge, they
push away from each other.
Electric Currents
An electric current is the flow of negative
charges through matter. An electric current can
only flow when it has a closed path, or a closed
circuit to flow through.
A Closed Circuit
Battery
Gives electric
current.
Has positive and
negative charges.
Switch
Opens and closes
a circuit.
Insulator
The wire is covered
in plastic and rubber.
These are good
insulators because
the electric current
does not pass
through them easily.
Wire
The copper wire is a
good conductor of
electric current.
A conductor is
something that
electric current
passes through
easily.
Light bulb
The light bulb has a
wire inside that does
not allow current to
flow easily. This
means it has a high
resistance. The
resistance causes the
bulb to light up.
Electric current flows only through a closed circuit.
To open the circuit you turn off a switch or remove
part of the path of the electric current.
Every time you turn off a light, you open a closed
circuit.
Two types of circuits are a series circuit and a
parallel circuit.
Series circuit
parallel circuit
In a series circuit, many appliances are connected
in one path. In a series circuit, all parts must be
on in order for the other parts to work. If even one
part is not working, the entire circuit will not work.
In a parallel circuit, each bulb or appliance has its
own path. In a parallel circuit, each bulb or
appliance can be turned on and off separately.
Using Electricity Safely
Electric current produces heat and can start fires! The shock
from a strong electric current traveling to your body can
cause bad burns or even stop your heart.
To Keep Safe
Don’t Plug too many things into one outlet.
Do not use frayed, cut, or broken electric cords.
Unplug your hair drying or curling iron when you are not
using it.
Make sure anything that can burn easily is away from
electric heaters.
Never use electric appliances near water. Do not touch
electric appliance or cords with wet hands.
Vocabulary Card Match
Lesson 5
attract
repel
To pull.
To push away.
pole
One of two ends of a
magnet, where the
magnetic force is
strongest.
magnetic field
The region around a
magnet where its force
attracts or repels.
Lesson 5 Notes
A magnet is anything that will attract, or pull, iron,
steel, and certain other metals to it. Magnetism is
the pulling or pushing force that exists around a
magnet.
Magnet
magnetism
A magnetic field is the space around a magnet
where magnetism acts.
Magnetic field
Magnets have two ends called poles. The poles are
the places on a magnet where magnetism is
the strongest.
The south
seeking pole
points south
The north
seeking pole
points north
*Like poles push apart (repel). Unlike poles pull
together (attract).
A compass is a small magnet that can turn freely. People
use a compass to find directions. The compass has a north
seeking pole that points towards the Earth’s north magnetic
pole.
The Northern Lights
The northern lights are caused by the earth’s magnetic
field. Charged particles from the sun are pulled and
pushed into patterns in the sky near the earth’s
magnetic poles. The particles react with gases in the
air, making the brightly colored lights.
Vocabulary Card Match
Lesson 5
electromagnet
A magnet formed when
electric current
flows through wire
wrapped in coils around
an iron bar.
motor
generator
A device that changes
electricity or other
forms of energy into
mechanical energy.
A device that produces
alternating current
by spinning an electric
coil between the
poles of a magnet. It
changes motion into
electrical energy
Lesson 5 Notes Continued
Magnets and electricity are closely linked. You can
make electricity using magnets. Electricity can be
made from a magnet in several ways:
1. You can slide a magnet
back and forth inside a
coiled wire.
2. You can slide a coiled
wire back and forth
along a magnet.
Most electric power is made by a large machine called
a generator which is a machine that uses an energy
source and a magnet to make electricity.
Different generators
Generators have huge magnets and huge coiled wires.
They are too heavy to move by hand so they are
powered by wind, rushing water, steam, or the burning
of coal, gas, or oil.
An electromagnet is a magnet made when electric current
flows through a wire coil. If you pass electricity through a
coiled wire, the wire becomes magnetic. When the electric
current stops flowing, the wire loses its magnetism.
electromagnet
If you make an electromagnet by wrapping the wire around
a metal bolt, you make an electromagnet that is stronger
than if you just use a wire alone.
Electromagnets can be turned on and off by opening
and closing a switch. Some appliances that work with
electromagnets are:
A doorbell
A fan
A telephone