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Year 8 Weather Climate Atmosphere How do we measure the weather? Weather is the conditions in the atmosphere on a particular place at a certain time. = is the average weather conditions of a certain place over a long period of time. = is the layer of gas around the earth, we call the lower part of it air. Beaufort scale = measuring the strength of the wind - an Anemometer measures the speed of the wing Thermometer – measures the temperature Rain gauge – measures rainfall in millimetres Cloud cover – measured in oktas or eighths What affects Latitude - distance north or south of the equator measured in degrees up to 90 degrees the Altitude - the height of something (such as an airplane) above the level of the sea – the temperature? higher the altitude the colder the temperature The Gulf Steam – a plume of warm water which travels across the North Atlantic and bathes the United Kingdom in warm moist air Solar radiation – energy from the sun in the form of heat and light – the nearer the equator the greater the intensity Curve of the earth – the earth is curved with the equator being at the widest part Air pressure – the higher the altitude, the lower the air pressure and the lower the temperature = Biomes of the A biome is a community of plants and animals living in a particular climate. world Biomes Polar – Antarctica, The Arctic Deserts – hot and cold Mountain Tropical rainforest – found on or near the equator How do Cold climates – thick fur, small ears(to avoid losing heat), layers of blubber(fat) to keep animals warm, colour(camouflage), short legs and round bodies adapt? Hot climates – thin fur, large ears(help regulate temperature), long limbs to spread body heat, often nocturnal as it is cooler Alaska Most northerly of the United States of America – polar climate Blizzards - a severe snowstorm that goes on for a long time with high winds. Blows snow into drifts/piles Dubai In the Middle East – hot desert, very little precipitation Coping with How to prepare for a blizzard - a severe snowstorm that goes on for a long time with blizzards high winds. Blows snow into drifts/piles Stock up on food Candles for light Warm clothes Sleeping bags and blankets Fresh water Gas camping stove Board games and playing cards, books etc. to keep you occupied Effects of blizzards Rainfall Social – people – family, friends, colleagues Economic – money, jobs, trade Environmental – nature and your surroundings Short term – days or weeks Long term – months or years A form of precipitation (water falling from the sky) along with – snow, sleet, hait and fog Air masses Polar maritime – cold moist air Tropical maritime – warm moist air Tropical continental – warm dry air Polar continental – cold dry air Arctic maritime – cold moist air from the North Convectional rainfall Frontal rainfall A depression Synoptic charts Convectional rainfall. When the land warms up, it heats the air above it. This causes the air to expand and rise. As the air rises it cools and condenses. If this process continues then rain will fall. Frontal rainfall is a type of condensation that occurs when a cold front meets a warm front. Warm air is less dense than cold air. When the two air masses meet, warm air is forced over the cold air, because it is less dense Depressions are areas of low atmospheric pressure which produce cloudy, rainy and windy weather. These low-pressure systems often begin in the Atlantic, moving eastwards towards the UK. They are responsible for the UK's changeable weather A synoptic chart is the scientific term for a weather map. Synoptic charts provide information on the distribution, movement and patterns of air pressure, rainfall, wind and temperature.