Download TOPIC weather / climate

TOPIC
Weather
Climate
Look out of the window!
This is the long term averages
Weather is the short term
for temperature and rainfall.
changes in atmospheric
conditions eg temperature,
wind direction and speed,
precipitation, humidity, air
pressure.
Twig science
Which is which?
Which phrase refers to weather and which refers to
climate?
Sunny spells
Thundery showers
hot summers
average annual rainfall
overnight frost
an unusually wet autumn
Climate of the British Isles
Britain has a warm temperate climate - that is a
climate with warm summers and mild winters. It is
rarely very hot or very cold. ( average 2◦c to 26◦c)
The climate is also fairly wet throughout the
year(average 1000mm).
However there are differences in the climate
between one place and another even within a small
area like the British Isles
Britain also has a
maritime climate.
What elements make up our weather ?
Rainfall
mms
Rain Gauge
Temperature
*C
Thermometer
Pressure
Millibars
Barometer
Wind
Direction
and wind
speed / mph
Cloud Cover
Isotherms
Lines that join
places of equal
temperature
Isobars
Anticyclone Warm dry sunny
Depression Cold wet windy
http://video.about.com/weather/H
ow-Do-Clouds-Form-.htm
Types of Rainfall
NB precipitation is any form of water - liquid or solid - falling from the
sky. It includes rain, sleet, snow, hail and drizzle
1.
Rainshadow
2.
3.
Rainfall in Britain
Which parts receive the
most rainfall?
Which parts receive the
least rainfall?
Why is this?
Factors affecting temperature.
• Latitude
• Altitude
• Maritime effect (distance
from sea)
• Wind direction
• Ocean currents - North
Atlantic drift
• Aspect
• Cloud cover
• Urban effect
Maritime Effect in Winter
Because the sea is
warmer in winter
Places at the coast
are warmer than
places inland
Oxford - *6
Brighton - *8
Maritime Effect in Summer
The sea has not warmed up
yet.It is still colder than the
land. Places at the coast are
cooler than places inland.
Oxford – 21*C
Brighton_- 18*C
Wind Direction
Prevailing
Winds S.W
warm + wet
maritime winds
Jet Stream – a fast flowing wind high in the atmsophere that
blows across the Atlantic Ocean.
In Summer the jet
stream should be
north of the UK
and bring warm
weather to the
country.
In winter the Jet
stream should
be South of the
UK and will
drive a series of
weather systems
across the
country.
jet stream
An isobar is a line joining places with equal pressure
measured in millibars.
Air pressure and our weather
Add these labels to the map:
Isobar – millibar –low pressure – high pressure –
warm front – cold front -
What are isotherms?
Microclimates
•
•
•
•
•
•
The local climate of a small area
Woodlands
Lakes + Ponds
Urban Areas + Buildings
Coastal areas
Mountains + Valleys
aspect
Urban heat
island
effect
shelter
buildings
Ground
surface
The Urban Effect
Look closely at these
maps.What are they
telling you?