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TOPIC Weather Climate Look out of the window! This is the long term averages Weather is the short term for temperature and rainfall. changes in atmospheric conditions eg temperature, wind direction and speed, precipitation, humidity, air pressure. Twig science Which is which? Which phrase refers to weather and which refers to climate? Sunny spells Thundery showers hot summers average annual rainfall overnight frost an unusually wet autumn Climate of the British Isles Britain has a warm temperate climate - that is a climate with warm summers and mild winters. It is rarely very hot or very cold. ( average 2◦c to 26◦c) The climate is also fairly wet throughout the year(average 1000mm). However there are differences in the climate between one place and another even within a small area like the British Isles Britain also has a maritime climate. What elements make up our weather ? Rainfall mms Rain Gauge Temperature *C Thermometer Pressure Millibars Barometer Wind Direction and wind speed / mph Cloud Cover Isotherms Lines that join places of equal temperature Isobars Anticyclone Warm dry sunny Depression Cold wet windy http://video.about.com/weather/H ow-Do-Clouds-Form-.htm Types of Rainfall NB precipitation is any form of water - liquid or solid - falling from the sky. It includes rain, sleet, snow, hail and drizzle 1. Rainshadow 2. 3. Rainfall in Britain Which parts receive the most rainfall? Which parts receive the least rainfall? Why is this? Factors affecting temperature. • Latitude • Altitude • Maritime effect (distance from sea) • Wind direction • Ocean currents - North Atlantic drift • Aspect • Cloud cover • Urban effect Maritime Effect in Winter Because the sea is warmer in winter Places at the coast are warmer than places inland Oxford - *6 Brighton - *8 Maritime Effect in Summer The sea has not warmed up yet.It is still colder than the land. Places at the coast are cooler than places inland. Oxford – 21*C Brighton_- 18*C Wind Direction Prevailing Winds S.W warm + wet maritime winds Jet Stream – a fast flowing wind high in the atmsophere that blows across the Atlantic Ocean. In Summer the jet stream should be north of the UK and bring warm weather to the country. In winter the Jet stream should be South of the UK and will drive a series of weather systems across the country. jet stream An isobar is a line joining places with equal pressure measured in millibars. Air pressure and our weather Add these labels to the map: Isobar – millibar –low pressure – high pressure – warm front – cold front - What are isotherms? Microclimates • • • • • • The local climate of a small area Woodlands Lakes + Ponds Urban Areas + Buildings Coastal areas Mountains + Valleys aspect Urban heat island effect shelter buildings Ground surface The Urban Effect Look closely at these maps.What are they telling you?