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Transcript
Delving into the Internet and Networks In the beginning ARPANET – set up for the military to have another network of communication Pre-cursor to the internet HTML Hyper Text Markup Language Displayed through a web browser Is being replaced by XHTML XHTML Extensive Hyper Text Markup Language More specific than HTML Used to allow for XML XML is used to create your own tags Doctype Strict Transitional Frameset <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> CSS Cascading Style Sheet Internal or linked Control the appearance of elements in your web page. Why cascading? JavaScript Must activate in Internet Explorer Used with forms for processing information Used with CSS to animate elements Cookies Text file Saved on YOUR computer Used to help keep setting at a website Expiration Date DOM Document Object Model Flash Good for animations Creates a .swf file Can have anchors/links Embedded into an HTML file Text in Flash movies not searchable File Types Files made up of a filename and a file extension separated by a period myreport.doc banner.jpg index.html file name file extension Webpage files use the following extensions .html .htm .php .asp .jsp Graphic Files Use the following extensions .jpg .gif .png .tiff .bmp File attributes Compressed, basic graphics Compressed, support transparency and animation Compressed, more colors, alpha channel Not compressed, must have application to view it Not compressed, basic image, MS Paint’s default Other files .exe – executable files .pdf – acrobat reader .doc – word document .css – cascading style sheet .js – javascript file Multimedia Files MPEG – Graphics and Sound .avi – video .mov – quicktime movie .swf - flash movie Compression Files Some graphic files are compressed: jpg, gif, png Other compressions zip (archive) Protocols What is a protocol? Just a standard way to do something Ex: US mail address follows a protocol ○ Persons Name ○ Street Address ○ City, State, and Zip Code The internet uses certain protocols for transferring electronic data HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Transfer text, anchors, graphics and sound Uses port 80 TCP/IP Used for sending and receiving packets via the internet Each computer must have a separate and unique IP address TCP is what the router uses to attach the IP address to packets being sent IP addresses Uses Four 3 digit numbers separated by a period can use the numbers 0 – 255 ex: 172.0.0.1 205.52.45.31 DNS Server resolves domain names to IP addresses This is why you can type in google.com in the URL and find the site for Google’s search engine What’s Google’s IP address? DHCP Server This server will hand out an IP address to a network computer when it is booted up. The IP can be changed with RELEASE or RENEW Set up by your network administrator IPCONFIG Let’s you see your computer’s IP settings Let’s try it IP Classes Class A Used with large businesses and small countries Subnet mask : 255.0.0.0 Class B Used with large businesses Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0 Class C Used for small businesses and personal use Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 FTP File Transfer Protocol Uses Port 21 Email Protocols SMTP – for out going mail POP3 – for in coming mail Formats include MIME and Bin Hex and UUEncode Access Having rights to connect to a server or folders to FTP Anchor Used for Hyper links <a> </a> tags Can include images, text, and image maps Tables vs. CSS Layout of a Web page Tables were the old way Static, didn’t display as well from one browser to another CSS was developed to include positioning elements as well as changing the look and feel of text, graphics, etc. Uses the <div> </div> tags for DIViding up the page into divisions. Domains Common names of websites Google.com Yahoo.com espn.com murrayschools.org ISP Internet Service Providers Qwest DSL (Direct Sub Link) – Uses Ethernet Comcast Cable – Uses Coaxial cable VPN Virtual Private Network a tunnel into an network from home Searches Search engines Google Yahoo MSN use quotations to search for specific phases Email encoding Uuencoding Bin Hex MIME Bandwidth The amount of data that can be sent through a connection Safety - Firewall Firewall set up to block programs from the internet from running on your computer Virus – sent in email attachments. Propagates itself when opened. Worm – does not have to be run or opened to propagate itself on a network Trojan – You think your running one program, but it’s doing something behind the scenes Trojan Certificate Server Sends an electronic “certificate” to a computer from the network to tell the computer it is a legitimate program to run SSL Secure Sockets Layer HTTPS Encodes the information Used with most online orders
