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1.4: Ancient Hebrew Civilization patriarchal society the Torah— accurate historical source?* cultural contacts pastoral economy* ethical monotheism Ten Commandments covenant with God King Saul* King David— Jerusalem* King Solomon* attacks on Jerusalem diaspora 1.5: Ancient Indian Civilization Harappan writing Harappan ruins * Aryan religious beliefs Hinduism the Vedas* reincarnation, karma, and dharma 1.6: Ancient Chinese Civilization Xia Dynasty—mythical or not?* Shang ruins at Anyang* oracle bones Zhou Dynasty the Dynastic Cycle in China • • • • • the New Dynasty restores peace appoints loyal officials redistributes land to peasants builds canals, irrigation systems, and roads repairs defensive walls After several generations, the new dynasty becomes an aging dynasty • • • • Problems • the Aging Dynasty neglects government duties ignores corrupt officials loses control of the provinces allows defensive walls to decay imposes heavy taxes to pay for luxuries • floods, famine, earthquakes New dynasty claims the Mandate of Heaven • invasions • peasant revolts Aging dynasty loses the Mandate of Heaven Confucianism filial piety Legalism-Hanfeizi Daoism-Laozi yin and yang Unit 1: Essential Questions Post-unit Discussion What does it mean to be civilized? How does the availability of resources affect the development of civilizations? How do institutions affect human behavior? How do geographic factors affect how people live? Post Unit Question: Which of the ancient civilizations we have studied was the most civilized? Why? Post Unit Question: Which of the ancient civilizations we have studied was the least civilized? Why?