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Social Structure
CHAPTER
4 Review Worksheet
FILL IN THE BLANK In each blank, write the word or phrase that best completes the
sentence….. Change the color of your answer to make it stand out, or use bold, or font
something clever
size, or
1. ______________is the network of interrelated statuses and roles that
guide human interaction.
2. You acquire a(n) ______________status through your own direct efforts.
3. When someone performs the role of leader, someone else performs the______________
role of follower.
4. Role performance does not always match role______________ .
5. The basis of an exchange is______________ , the idea that if you do
something for someone, that person owes you something in return.
6. Exchange theorists believe that people are motivated by______________
in their interactions with other people.
7. ______________can motivate people to perform society’s needed roles,
but can also lead to stress.
8. Competition emphasizes achieving a goal, while______________
emphasizes defeating an opponent.
9. Compromise, truce, mediation, and arbitration are all forms of______________
.
10. A subsistence strategy is the way a society uses______________ to
provide for the needs of its members.
11. In some preindustrial societies, food surpluses enable a more complex ______________
.
12. In industrial societies most production is done through the use of______________
.
13. In a(n) ______________society, much of the economy is involved in
providing information and services.
14. According to Ferdinand Tönnies, a modern urban society is a(n) ______________
, in which most social relationships are based on need rather than on emotion.
REVIEWING FACTS (3 points each) In the space provided, write the letter of the name
or term that identifies each description. Choose your answers from the list below. There
are two extra names or terms on the list.
______ 1. ranked authority structure that
operates
according to specific rules and procedures
______ 2. society characterized by the
production of
information and the provision of services
______ 3. any group to which a person does not
belong
or identify with
______ 4. involves subjecting every feature of
human
behavior to calculation, measurement, and
control
______ 5. group in which interaction is
impersonal and
temporary
______ 6. society in which the subsistence
strategy is
vegetables grown in garden plots
______ 7. socially determined behaviors
expected of a
person performing a role
______ 8. sociologist who developed a model of
bureaucracies still in use today
______ 9. type of society characterized by the
collection
of plants and animals
______10. occurs when a person has difficulty
meeting
the role expectations of a single status
a. primary group
b. Max Weber
c. secondary group
d. Émile Durkheim
e. postindustrial society
f. bureaucracy
g. hunter-gatherer society
h. rationality
i. role strain
j. horticultural society
k. role expectations
l. out-group
______ 1. All of the following are forms
of accommodation except
a. rationalization.
b. mediation.
c. truce.
d. compromise.
______ 2. One example of an achieved
status is
a. occupation.
b. age.
c. ethnicity.
d. race.
______ 3. Specialization in the performance
of specific economic
activities is called
a. exchange.
b. Gemeinschaft.
c. division of labor.
d. reciprocity.
______ 4. The expected behavior of
someone occupying a particular
status is called a
a. master role.
b. reciprocal role.
c. master status.
d. role.
______ 5. Exchange theory holds that
a. people are motivated by
self-interests in their interactions
with other people.
b. people work together to
achieve goals.
c. people’s role behavior often
does not match the behavior
expected by society.
d. primary groups form the
most intimate kind of
group.
______ 6. The term social category refers
to
a. a three-person group.
b. the classification of people
according to a shared trait
or a common status.
c. people gathered in the same
place.
d. a small group of people
who interact for a long
period of time.
______ 7. A status assigned according to
standards beyond one’s control
is a(n)
a. aggregate status.
b. master status.
c. ascribed status.
d. achieved status.
______ 8. The socially determined
behaviors expected of an
individual performing a role
are called
a. reciprocal roles.
b. role sets.
c. role performances.
d. role expectations.
______ 9. Secondary group is to
co-workers as primary group
is to
a. people on board an
airplane.
b. family members.
c. students in a classroom.
d. people at a park.
______10. When fulfilling the role
expectations of one status
makes it difficult to fulfill the
role expectations of another
status, the situation is known as
a. role strain.
b. role set.
c. role conflict.
d. role performance.
TRUE/FALSE (2 points each) Read each of the following statements and then decide
whether it is true or false. If the answer is true, place a T in the space provided; if the
answer is false, place an F in the space.
______ 1. Accommodation is the state of balance between cooperation and conflict.
______ 2. Exchange is the interaction undertaken in an effort to receive a reward in
return for actions.
______ 3. Conflict is the deliberate attempt to control by force, oppose, harm, or resist
the will of another.
______ 4. Competition is two or more people working together to achieve a goal that
will benefit many.
______ 5. Truce is the point at which two or more people oppose each other to achieve
a goal only one can attain.
VISUAL RESOURCE (5 points each) Sociologists study and analyze a wide range of
visually presented information. Analyze the cartoon below and then answer the questions.
1. Identify and describe the type of sociological interaction at work in the cartoon.
2. Identify and describe the types of interactions that could solve the problem presented
in the cartoon.