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Circulatory System
ALL IT’S PARTS AND FUNCTIONS
Fucntions:
● Transporting nutrients and oxygen to cells
all over the body
● Transporting wastes (urea, carbon dioxide,
salt) to excretory organs
● Fighting disease and infections
Vocabulary
● Pulmonary – means anything dealing with the lungs
● Cardiac – means anything dealing with the heart
Organs:
● Heart – pumps the blood through the body
● Arteries – carry blood away from the heart
● Veins – Carry blood back to the heart
● Capillaries – Tiny blood vessels, where exchange of
materials occurs
Heart
● The human heart has
4 chambers
○
○
2 atria (on top)
2 ventricles (on bottom)
● There are valves
between the
chambers, arteries
and veins to keep
blood in the proper
compartments
● Remember when
looking at the heart
your left is its right
Heart
● Unoxygenated blood flows into the right atrium from
the vena cava.
● When the tricuspid valve opens up, the blood enters
the right ventricle. The ventricle is more muscular
and is used to pump the blood through out the body.
● Then the right ventricle squeezes shut it pushed the
blood through the pulmonic valve.
● The blood enters the pulmonary arteries which take
it to the lungs.
● The red blood cells have iron, which binds to oxygen
and the blood releases carbon dioxide
Heart
● After the blood exchanges gases in the lungs it returns
to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.
● When the mitrial valve opens up the oxygenated
blood flows from the left atrium into the left ventricle.
● The left ventricle is the most muscular chamber
because it must pump the blood through the entire
body.
● The left ventricle squeezes the blood through the
aortic valve into the aorta.
● The aorta takes the blood to other arteries that will
carry the blood to all the major organs of the body.
Heart
● The organs take the oxygen and from the blood
● Blood picks up nutrients from the villi in the small
intestine.
● The now unoxygenated blood then returns to the
right atrium through the vena cava to star the cycle
all over again!
● This cycle happens about once second! Your heart
pumps 100,000 times a days and moves 2,000
gallons of blood a day!
Blood
● Your blood is made up of:
○ Red blood cells (erythrocytes) –
contain hemoglobin (which makes
them red), hemoglobin allows the
blood to bind to oxygen and carry it to cells that need it.
○ White blood cells (leukocytes) – fight infection, blood carries
them to the sites of infection to kill germs in the body.
○ Platelets – This allows the blood to clot, when the blood is
exposed to air platelets group together and mix with fibrogen
to form a scab
○ Plasma – fluid that composes that makes up the blood, mostly
water (90%), but also contains salts and minerals.
Blood Types
● Each blood cells has certain
antigens attached to it, which
allows the body to recognize it
● There are four different blood
types:
○
○
○
○
A – has A-antigens, and B-antibodies
(so if type B blood is introduced into
the body it will be destroyed)
B – has B-antigens, and A-antibodies
AB – has A and B antigens, and no
antibodies (universal recipient)
O – has no antigens, and A and B
antibodies (universal donor)
Blood Types
● Your blood will also have a Rh factor, making it
negative or positive.
● If you are Rh positive, you have D-antigens on the
surface of your red blood cells.
● If you are Rh negative you do not have these antigens.
● This may become a problem during pregnancy because
the baby shares blood with the mother, but the mother
can be Rh negative and baby Rh positive.
● Both the ABO system and Rh factors need to be taken
into account when finding a donor.
Sino-Atrial Node
● In your heart you have a group of cells in your right
atrium, which controls your heart beat.
● You have many pacemaker cells, but only one will be
active at one time.
● These cells send an electric charge through the cells
of the heart causing it to beat.
● These are independent from the brain.
● http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMXBR_YFocs
&feature=related