Download Igneous rock

C1.2 Glossary
Aqueous solution – mixture forms when a substance dissolves in water.
Atom – the smallest part of an element that can take part in chemical
reactions.
Balanced equation – description of a reaction using the symbols and formulae
of the reactants and products, so that the number of ‘units’ of each element to
the left of the arrow is the same as those to the right of the arrow.
Cement – material made by heating limestone with clay.
Chalk – sedimentary rock, mostly calcium carbonate, made from the remains
of marine micro-organisms.
Compound – a substance containing two or more elements chemically joined
together.
Concrete – material made by mixing cement with sand, stones and water.
Crystal – A solid in which the particles are arranged in an ordered pattern.
Element – substance that cannot be split up into simpler substances.
Erosion – removal or transportation of broken up rocks.
Fossil – the preserved traces or remains of an organism that lived a very long
time ago.
Granite – igneous rock with relatively large crystals, formed when magma
cools and solidifies slowly.
Igneous rock – Rock formed when magma cools and solidifies.
Insoluble – substance which does not dissolve in a given solution.
Lava – molten rock on the Earth’s surface.
Limewater – a solution of calcium hydroxide that turns milky when carbon
dioxide is bubbled through it.
Magma – molten rock inside the Earth’s crust.
Marble – metamorphic rock, mostly calcium carbonate, formed from
limestone or chalk.
Metamorphic rock – rock formed the action of very hot temperature and
pressure on other rocks.
Neutralisation reaction – reaction in which a base or alkali reacts with an acid.
Quarry – shallow mine on the Earth’s surface from where rocks are removed.
Precipitate – insoluble solid formed when two solutions are mixed together
and a precipitation reaction occurs.
Precipitation reaction – a reaction in which an insoluble product is formed
from soluble reactants.
Product – substance formed by a chemical reaction.
Rate – how quickly something happens.
Reactant – substance used up in a chemical reaction.
Solidifies – to become solid.
Soluble – substance which dissolves in a given substance.
State symbols – letter or letters to show the state of a substance e.g. (g) for
gas)
Thermal decomposition – reaction in which one substance breaks down when
heated to form two or more new substances.
Word equation – description of a reaction using the names of the reactants
and products.