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Southeast Asian Countries Myanmar Geography Size of Texas – east & west borders are steep mtns 2 Rivers: Irawaddy & Salween monsoons – wet summers & dry winters Economics 2/3 pop are farmers - rice, sugarcane, nuts, and beans – use water buffalo to plow Factories – soap, noodles, paper, textiles, glass bottles Mining – rubies, sapphires, jade & other gems 75% of world’s teakwood – DEFORESTATION rampant Socialism: economic system where most business are owned & run by the government People pop. 47.8 million – 75% rural Irrawaddy River Valley – most densely pop. Homes are on poles – flooding & wild animals Culture Yangon - capital – known for universities & gold Buddhist temples Language – Burmese Religion – Buddhist Government Military dictatorship Hero Aung San Soo Chee – won Nobel Peace Prize for efforts in democracy without violence Thailand Geography looks like a stemmed flower Once known as Siam Chao Phraya River – main waterway Monsoons like Myanmar Thailand means “land of the free” Never been a European colony Government constitutional monarchy Economics exports – rubber, tin, gemstones, and teakwood – limits deforestation Most manufacturing – in capital city – Bangkok – cement, textiles, clothing & metal products Tourism is also popular People 62.4 million – Thai ethnic group Thousands seek jobs in Bangkok Religion Wats Buddhism Buddhist temples 80% live in rural villages Laos Geography Laos – Landlocked & mtn covered – fertile along Mekong River (SE Asia’s longest river) Economics poor – tourism is new – 80% people farm rice, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, corn Undeveloped industries due to civil war - No railroads & elec in only some cities Government Previously under French rule – now Communist People Vientiane – largest city & capital Civil war a fight among different groups within a country. Cambodia Economics Religion – Buddhist though discouraged by gov’t. had rich farming & exported rice & rubber for many years 1980’s – economy ruined from civil war & Communist rule A few factories produce food items, chemicals & textiles People pop – 13.1 mil - mostly Khmer ethnic group Rest live in cities such as capital – Phnom Penh Gov’t Cambodia was under French rule, then ind. in 1953 – Since 1960’s, has had constant warfare in rival pol groups Communist Pol Pot took ctrl in 1970’s After 1 million died or fled to other countries, king brought back to Cambodia. Vietnam Geography 80% in rural villages Rel – Buddhism Eastern coast – Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea, & Gulf of Thailand North – fertile Red River delta, south – wide, swampy delta of MeKong River Monsoons bring wet & dry seasons Delta an area of land formed by soil deposits at the mouth of a river. Economics Farmers grow rice, sugarcane, cassava, sweet potatoes, corn, bananas, coffee in river deltas Mountain forests – provide wood South China – lots of fish Open to Western ideas, business, & tourism – hope to raise standard of living People 80 mil – largest pop in mainland SE Asia 80% -rural Largest city – Ho Chi Minh (named after 1st Communist leader – was Saigon) Capital – Hanoi Ethnic group – Vietnamese mostly (some Chinese, Cambodian, etc) Rel – Buddhism Language – Vietnamese mostly and Chinese, English, French Ancestors from China 2000 yrs ago - Once under French rule Vietnam War Communist in North – Democratic in south (US involved again - 2.5 mil Americans ) North won Government Communist Indonesia Geography SE Asia’s lgst country - archipelago of 13, 600 islands Major islands: Sumatra, Java, Celebes Shares the islands of Borneo & New Guinea with other countries Many rain forests monsoons Economy Foreign companies build factories for the cheap labor – Java – easy to ship goods Agriculture – 50% of pop – rice, coffee, cassava, tea, coconuts, rubber trees, sheep, cattle Large reserves of natural gas & oil, tin, silver, nickel, copper, bauxite, gold, teakwood Deforestation probs – no trees = no soil = no land People 206 mil pop – 4th largest in world – densely pop country Java’s capital is Jakarta Ethnic group – Malay + 300 smaller ones w/ own langs Official Lang: Bahasa Indonesia Many ethnic groups, languages, & political parties Religion primarily Islam – more than any other country Christianity & Buddhism Hinduism – island of Bali Gov’t Democratic leaders – hard to handle w/ so many diff ethnic groups Diff islands belonged to diff European countries at diff times Malaysia Geography dense rain forests, rugged mtns, west – Strait of Malacca Malay Peninsula – strait: narrow body of water between two pieces of land Exports Strait of Malacca – imp waterway for trade b/w Indian Ocean & Java Sea Leader in rubber & palm oil exports, wood, tin, iron ore, copper, bauxite, oil, natural gas Factory workers – high technology & consumer goods Kuala Lumpur – capital – Petronas Towers – lgst buildings in the world People 22.7 mil pop – most Malay ethnic group - ancestors came from south China thousands of yrs ago British ruled in 1800’s Religion – most are Muslim and others are Hindu, Buddhists & Christiams Langs – Tamil & English Gov’t Constitutional Monarchy Singapore Geography Economics Free port archipelago of 59 island off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula with Singapore island as the largest; one of the world’s smallest countries One of the world’s most productive economies once covered by rain forests, now has highways, factories, office buildings, and docks – 1 of the world’s busiest harbors because it is a free port a place where goods can be loaded or unloaded, stored, and shipped again without paying import taxes - factories make high tech goods, machinery, chemicals, and paper products People High standard of living - Religions: Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and trad Chinese Ethnic groups – Chinese, Malaysian, Indians Government founded by British; now an independent republic (democratic) Geography On northern coast of Borneo Economics oil & natural gas exports are ½ of country’s income; free education & medical care, low cost housing, fuel & food Government Sultan (monarch) Brunei Philippines Geography archipelago of more than 7,000 islands of volcanic mtns & forests; fertile soil for agric. Economic Farmers are terrace farming on strips of land in the mountains’ hillsides Terraced Fields strips of land cut out of a hillside like stair steps. The land can then hold water and be used for farming Government Islands named after King Philip II of Spain – was Spanish colony, then controlled by US and now a democracy People 90% Roman Catholic due to Spanish missionaries – only Christian country in SE Asia
