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Key Science Vocabulary Scientific Inquiry 1. science-- the systematic study of everything 2. scientific method--a system for solving problems or questions 3. P.H.E.O.C.S--problem – hypothesis – experiment – observe – conclusion – share 4. Problem--A question the experiment should answer 5. Hypothesis—an educated guess or testable ‘If/Then’ prediction for an experiment 6. Experiment--the science activity that tests the hypothesis 7. Observe--to gather information using the 6 senses (common sense, sight, smell, taste, hearing, touch) 8. Conclusion --the summary of the experiment 9. Share--presenting your inferences about the experiment (an inference= tell what happened and why you think it happened) 10. property-- a characteristic used to describe something 11. quantitative observation--(QN) to gather information that uses numbers or measurement (6 legs, 23 centimeters) (N for ‘number’) 12. qualitative observation--(QL) to gather information that does NOT use numbers or measurement (blue sky, scaly skin) (L for ‘love’) 13. inference-- Explain what happened (using facts based on data) and why you think it happened (giving your opinion based on data) 14. variable--something that changes 15. independent variable--(I.V.) the ONE (and only one) change you test in an experiment 16. dependent variable--(D.V.) what we measure during an experiment; It changes ‘depending on’ the independent variable 17. experimental control--things that are kept the same so the experiment is ‘fair’ 18. control group--the group tested without the independent variable Key Science Vocabulary Graphing 19. data-- recorded information 20. x-axis-- horizontal axis (independent variable) 21. y-axis-- vertical axis (dependent variable) 22. range—the difference between the largest data value, and the smallest data value 23. scale-- the spread of data beginning with zero 24. interval-- the value of each square (what you’re counting by) 25. bar graph-- a chart that compares groups of data using bars 26. line graph-- a chart that connects data points; often used to show change over time Key Science Vocabulary Measurement Terms 27. metric system--the worldwide system of measurement; based on powers of 10 28. linear--along a line (straight or curved) 29. meter-- the base metric unit of linear measurement (m) 30. centi--prefix, 1/100; (centimeter, one hundredth of a meter) 31. milli--prefix; 1/1000; (milliliter, one thousandth of a liter) 32. kilo--prefix; 1000, one thousand (kilometer, 1,000 meters) 33. matter-- ‘stuff’ that has physical properties 34. mass-- the amount of matter in an object has (not the same as weight) 35. gram-- the base metric unit of mass (g) 36. weight--how much gravity pulls on an object’s mass 37. volume-- the amount of space an object takes up (the size of an object as it appears visually) 38. liter-- the base metric unit of volume (l) 39. meniscus-- the curved surface of a liquid (we read the bottom of the meniscus) 40. density—how much mass is contained in a certain volume; mass divided by volume; (‘the broken heart) (the density of water is 1 gram per milliliter 1g/ml) 41. temperature-- the amount of movement (energy) of the particles in a substance (particles that move fast are ‘hot’) 42. Celsius-- the metric scale for measuring temperature; water freezes at 0o and boils at 100o Key Science Vocabulary Physics Terms 43. physics-- the study of motion, forces, and energy 44. energy-- the ability to do work or cause change 45. potential energy-- stored energy that can be released later 46. kinetic energy-- the energy a mass has due to its motion 47. force-- a push or pull on an object 48. work--applying a force that causes an object to move 49. load--the object that a force is applied to 50. motion-- a change in position over time 51. inertia-- the tendency of a mass to resist changes in motion (objects with greater mass have greater inertia) 52. friction-- a force that resists motion (caused when objects are in contact with each other) 53. speed-- how far something moves over time (distance divided by time; m/sec, km/hr ) 54. velocity--speed and direction 55. momentum—mass times velocity momentum = m·v 56. acceleration--a change in velocity (a=Δv) 57. gravity-- the force of attraction between two objects (greater mass means stronger gravity; closer objects means stronger gravity) 58. center of gravity-- the point in an object where there is equal mass in each opposite direction. (also called the center of mass or the center balance of an object) 59. Newton’s First Law of Motion-- an object at rest stays at rest; an object in motion stays in motion---unless acted upon by an unbalanced force; this is inertia 60. Newton’s Second Law of Motion-- Force = mass x acceleration F = ma 61. Newton’s Third Law of Motion-- for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction 62. energy transfer-- energy moving from high energy to lower energy (hot to cold; fast to slow) 63. energy conversion--one kind of energy changing into another kind of energy (electricity turning into light) Chemistry Terms 64. chemistry-- the study of matter, its properties, interactions, and composition 65. solid-- the state of matter that has a definite shape and volume 66. liquid-- the state of matter that does not have a definite shape but does have a definite volume 67. gas-- the state of matter that does not have a definite shape or volume 68. interface-- a boundary between two different substances 69. physical property-- any characteristic of a substance that can be observed using the senses 70. physical change-- a change in the size, shape or state of matter (the original substance remains the same)(water freezing into ice the original substance remains the same; it is still water) 71. melting-- when a solid changes into a liquid 72. freezing-- when a liquid changes into a solid 73. evaporation-- when a liquid changes into a gas 74. boiling-- when a liquid quickly changes into a gas 75. condensation-- when a gas changes into a liquid 76. solidification-- when any other state of matter changes into a solid 77. liquefaction-- when any other state of matter changes into a liquid 78. vaporization-- when any other state of matter changes into a gas (vapor is another word for gas) 79. sublimation-- when a gas changes directly into a solid or when a solid changes directly into a gas (without going into a liquid state) 80. chemical-- a substance with unique properties (bleach, salt, & water) 81. chemical property-- a characteristic of a substance that describes how it behaves in a chemical reaction (only discovered through a chemical reaction) 82. chemical reaction (change)-- a change that results in a new chemical or chemicals (the original substance(s) is changed into something new) 84. reactant-- a chemical that is present when the chemical reaction begins (like an ingredient) product-- a new substance (chemical) present at the end of a chemical reaction 85. solution—the liquid formed when one substance is mixed completely with another 86. solute-- the part of a solution that is dissolved (smaller amount/usually a solid) 87. solvent-- the part of the solution that does the dissolving (larger amount/liquid) 88. mixture-- any solution that can be easily separated (by screen, filter, evaporation etc.) 89. element-- a pure substance made of only one kind of atom (approx. 92 natural elements) 90. compound-- a substance made up of two or more different elements (water - H2O 83. - is made of hydrogen and oxygen) 91. atom-- the smallest particle of an element that still has all the properties of that element 92. molecule-- molecules are made up of two or more atoms (the smallest amount of a compound that still has all the properties of the compound) 93. nucleus-- the central part of an atom made up of protons and neutrons 94. proton-- positively charged particle of the atom found in the nucleus (each positively charged proton attracts 1 negatively charged electron) 95. neutron-- particle of the atom with no charge found in the nucleus 96. electron-- negatively charged particle of the atom found circling the nucleus (each negatively charged electron is attracted by 1 positively charged proton) 97. electron cloud-- is the area around the atom’s nucleus where the electrons are found (also called: orbital, or energy level) 98. periodic table-- a chart of all the known elements: it gives information about the atoms of the different elements 99. chemical symbol-- an abbreviation that represents each of the known elements on the periodic table and is used in chemical formulas (C - carbon, Fe - iron) 100. chemical formula-- a description of a compound using chemical symbols and numbers (water’s chemical formula is H2O meaning 2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen, glucose C6H12O6) 101. atomic number-- the number of protons in an atom 102. mass number (atomic mass)-- total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom