Download Thomas Jefferson - Social Circle City Schools

Thomas Jefferson
THE THIRD PRESIDENT OF
THE UNITED STATES
Election of 1800
 In the Election of 1800 Thomas Jefferson beat out
his old friend now political enemy, John Adams, for
the Presidency.
The Midnight Judges
 Before leaving office,
John Adams wanted
those with similar views
to have power and
influence within the
government.
 Judiciary Act of 1801
– organized the nations
court system and
increased the number of
federal judges by 16.
 Planned to fill these
positions with fellow
Federalists.
The Midnight Judges
 In the 19 days of this act
passing and Thomas
Jefferson’s inauguration,
Adams did the best he
could to fill these
positions with
appointments.
 Ended up signing these
appointments at
midnight on his last
night as President.
The Midnight Judges
 However the appointments
were not sent out and it
was up to the next
administration to do so.
 Thomas Jefferson then told
Madison, his Secretary of
State, not to send the
appointments.
 This led to a very important
Supreme Court case,
Marbury v. Madison
Simplifying the Presidency
 In keeping with his beliefs of
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a small central government,
he cut costs whenever
possible.
Reduced the size of the army
Lowered the expenses of
government social functions.
Allowed the Bank of the
United States charter to
expire.
Alien and Sedition Acts
expired like planned in 1800
– 1801. (Those imprisoned
under these acts were
released)
Expansion West
 Created under the Articles of Confederation:
Northwest Ordinance of 1787.
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It dealt with land north of the Ohio River and east of the
Mississippi River. – split it into territories.
Congress would appoint a territorial governor and judges.
When a territory had 5000 voting residents, the settlers could
write their own constitution and elect their own government.
When the total population of the territory reached 60,000,
they could write a state constitution, which had to be approved
by Congress before it granted statehood.

Provided a blueprint for the growth of the nation.
Northwest Ordinance
 Provided a mechanism that
divided the land into
rectangular sections.
 Provided a way to finance
free education through the
sale of the 16th section in
each township
 Also, neither slavery or
involuntary servitude was
allowed.
 Between 1800-1801, Ohio
grew from 45,000 to
231,000
Louisiana Purchase
 In 1800, Napoleon
persuaded Spain to
return the Louisiana
Territory.
 Once the US found out
about this, alarm spread
throughout America.
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Remember we are
currently in a “naval war”
with France.
Louisiana Purchase
 He sent James Monroe to
join our ambassador there,
Robert Livingston, to see if
we could purchase the land
and trade once again with
France.
 Lucky for us, Napoleon had
already abandoned his
hopes for an American
Empire
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He needed money
Faced slave revolts in Haiti
Louisiana Purchase
 Napoleon agreed to sell
the entire Louisiana
Territory to the United
States.
 With no time to consult
the govt., Monroe and
Livingston went ahead
and closed the deal for
$15,000,000.
 Jefferson finalized the
purchase, and the Senate
ratified it.
This more than
doubled the size
of the United
States!
Louisiana Purchase
Lewis and Clark Expedition
 After gaining all that new
territory from the
Louisiana Purchase,
Jefferson was eager to
explore the new land.
 He appointed
Meriwether Lewis to lead
the expedition called the
Corps of Discovery.
Lewis and Clark Expedition
 Their mission :
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Travel from St. Louis to the
Pacific Ocean, hoping for a
water route.
Collect scientific
information about
unknown plants and
animals.
Learn as much as possible
about the Native Americans
out west.
Lewis and Clark Expedition
 Lewis, knowing William
Clark to be strong, smart,
and a good cartographer,
made Clark second in
command.
 On their route they came
across a Native American
woman, Sacagawea, who
helped them on their trip.
She acted as interpreter
and guide. She played a key
role in the expeditions
success.
Lewis and Clark Expedition
 After 2 years and 4
months, the Corps of
Discovery completed
their mission!
 It was an amazing
success (especially when
most believed they would
never make it back)
 Clarks final map of their
trail was within 40 miles
of being accurate. (out of
8,000 miles!)