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Date
Course Title
Echocardiographic
Anatomy and Physiology
with Lab
Pre-requisite (s) HSC 1000, BSC 1085/
BSC 1085L, ENC 1101,
PHY 2053, DMS 1020,
MAC 1105, BSC 2085/
BSC 2085L, PSY 1012,
SPC 1017, STA 2003,
DMS 1030, EKG 1010,
CPR 1010, HAE 1000
Hours
105 theory hours/60 Lab
hours-165 clock hours
Note: Subject to change
Credits
Course Number
9 Credits
ECH 1020
Co-requisite (s)
None
Place and Time of Class Meeting
International College of Health Sciences
2300 South Congress Ave, Suite 105
Boynton Beach, Florida 33426
Name and Contact Information of Instructor
Instructor: Juan Carlos Zamora CCT, RCS, RDCS, RVT
E-mail: [email protected]
Office Hours: 9.00 am to 5.00 pm
Campus Telephone: 561-202-6333
Delivery Method: On Campus
Books required
Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography:
5th Edition, Catherine M. Otto MD
The Echocardiographer’s Pocket Reference
4th Edition, Terry Reynolds, BS, RDCS
Attendance Policy
Failure to maintain regular attendance may lead to a failing grade. The attendance policy at ICHS
is as follows:
 Students must attend 80 percent (80%) of the total didactic class hours per semester and
100 percent (100%) of clinical externship hours. A student may have the opportunity to
make up absences; however, this is only available at the discretion and approval of a lead
instructor and can only be completed outside of scheduled classroom hours, if available.
In the event that the student will be absent from his or her clinical externship, the student
must call the assigned site and ICHS in advance. All absences must be justified in writing
(i.e. doctor’s excuse). Students are not excused from attending the clinical externship
except for grave emergencies or serious illness, and the student must call the assigned site
and ICHS in advance. Additionally, these hours must be made up within a student’s
scheduled dates for the course, the term, the semester or the scheduled clinical rotation.
Instructors, in their discretion, may base a percentage of the grade on attendance.

Termination may occur for any of the following attendance situations:
1. Eight (8) consecutive absences per semester.
2. Absence in excess of 20 percent (20%) of available course hours.
3. Absence in excess of 20 percent (20%) of externship hours.

Tardiness for didactic or clinical education will not be tolerated. Anytime beyond the
scheduled reporting time will be considered late or tardy. When attending clinical
externship, if a student is to be late, he or she must notify the clinical instructor at the
facility and the program clinical coordinator. If a student must miss class, he or she must
contact the program director or instructor at least 30 minutes prior to the class beginning.
For didactic education, four episodes of tardiness or leaving ICHS early per semester will
result in an absence.

If a student is more than 15 minutes late, he or she must obtain the instructor’s
permission to attend the class. Four late arrivals will result in the equivalent
“consequence” as one unexcused absence. Any student who has been excessively tardy in
arriving to class or absent will receive a written advisement and guidance report by a
faculty member. A student, who has more than one unexcused absence during clinical
externship, may be removed from the site.
DISTANCE EDUCATION ATTENDANCE POLICY
Students must log into their online course prior to the third day of the course as dictated by the
drop/ad policy of ICHS. Failure to log in by the end of the third day will result in the student
being dropped from the course. Attendance in online courses is defined as active participation in
the course. Active participation is defined as completion of all expectations outlined in the online
course as contained in the lesson plan, syllabi and other course related documents within the
course. These expectations may include but are not limited to participation in discussion forums,
submission of completed assignments, and completion of quizzes and exams.
VETERAN'S ATTENDACE POLICY
Excused absences will be granted for extenuating circumstances only. Excused absences must be
substantiated by entries in students' files. Early departures, class cuts, tardies, etc., for any
portion of a class period will be counted as absence. Students exceeding 3 unexcused absences in
a 7 day period for non-degree programs and 5 unexcused absences in a semester for degree
granting programs will be terminated from their VA benefits for unsatisfactory attendance. The
student's attendance record will be retained in the veteran's file for USDVA and SAA audit
purposes.
Course Description
This course provides extensive knowledge in the principles of Echocardiography, the most
effective, noninvasive method use in cardiac diagnosis. The course involves understanding of
normal cardiac anatomy, coronary anatomy, and relationship of chambers with great vessels. It
also provides normal cardiac physiology and its understanding in relation to echocardiography.
Application and techniques in Real Time cardiac imaging, Doppler, and M mode, will provide
the student with a structured educational Ultrasound program with self-assessments and
competencies necessary to become a Professional Registered Cardiac Sonographer. Students
will be provided with scan lab demonstration and techniques that will allow them to apply what
they learn in class to a real medical setting.
Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:
1. Describe the anatomy of the heart and great vessels internally and externally.
2. Describe mechanical and electrical events through the cardiac cycle
3. Describe systemic and pulmonary circuits
4. Describe Blood flow
5. Understand Fetal circulation
6. Understand Normal Variants, Imaging Planes and Approaches
7. Understand M-mode and 2-D measurements and normal values
8. Understand Basic calculations ( Ejection Fraction, Cardiac output, Stroke
Volume)
9. Laboratory practice and understanding of all views and calculations
Topical Outline and Schedule
DATE
WEEK 1
Distribute and review Syllabus
SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES Describe the course.
Discuss Presentations, Quiz, Test, and Lab Criteria
Introduction to Cardiac Anatomy
At the end of this chapter, the student will be able to:
• Understand the location of the heart within the mediastinum
• Understand systemic and pulmonary circulation
• Discuss basic embryology, fetal circulation
• Discuss foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus
TOPIC (S)
Introduction to Echocardiography
LEARNING Discussion of Syllabus
ACTIVITIES Power Point Presentation
Discuss systemic and pulmonary circulation
Video presentation on fetal circulation
Introduction to the Parasternal Long Axis
Lab: Introduction to the Parasternal Long Axis
Review Power Point
OUTSIDE
Homework: Complete Key Terms
WORK &
ASSIGNED
READINGS
DATE
WEEK 2
At
the
end
of
this
chapter,
the
student
will be able to:
SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES • Describe coronary and interventricular sulcus
• Describe the crux of the heart, coronary sinus
• Describe pleural cavity and pericardial cavity
• Describe ascending Ao, aortic arch and branches, and descending Ao
• Describe superior and inferior vena cava
• Describe pulmonary veins
TOPIC (S)
External Features of the Heart
LEARNING Power Point Presentation
ACTIVITIES Veal Heart Dissection
Description of External Features of the Heart
Lab: Students will scan each other and practice the Long Axis View of the
heart
OUTSIDE
Review Power Point
WORK &
Study for Quiz # 1
Homework: Presentation of External Features of the Heart
ASSIGNED
READINGS
DATE
WEEK 3
At the end of this chapter, the student will be able to:
SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES • Describe coronary circulation, aorta and Sinuses of Valsalva
• Describe arteries, arterioles, venules, and veins
• Understand arterial and venous circulation
• Describe blood components
Quiz # 1
TOPIC (S)
Blood Vessels Anatomy and Physiology
LEARNING Power Point Presentation
ACTIVITIES Discuss Oxygenated and Deoxygenated Vessels
Discuss Arterial and Venous Hemodynamics
Lab: Introduction to Parasternal Short Axis Ao Level
Review Power Point
OUTSIDE
Complete Key Terms
WORK &
Homework: Video on Hemodynamics
ASSIGNED
READINGS
DATE
WEEK 4
At the end of the chapters, the student will be able to:
SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES • Describe layers of the heart and pericardium
• Describe cardiac chambers, septation
• Describe pectinate muscles, and trabeculae carnae
• Describe Eustachian and Tebeshian valves and their function
• Describe atrioventricular and semilunar valves
• Describe papillary muscles and chordae tendineae
• Understand RVIT, RVOT, LVIT and LVOT
TOPIC (S)
Internal Features of the Heart
LEARNING • Power point presentation
ACTIVITIES • Video Presentation on Internal Features of the Heart
• Veal Heart Dissection to review Internal and External appearance of the
Heart
Lab: Introduction of Parasternal Short Axis (Mitral and Papillary Level)
Lab test
Review Power Point
OUTSIDE
Complete Key Terms
WORK &
ASSIGNED
Homework: Study for Quiz # 2
READINGS
DATE
WEEK 5
At the end of the chapter, the student will be able to:
SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES • Understand diastole and systole
• Describe electrical conduction system
• Understand membrane potential
• Understand pressure in all chambers
• Describe heart sounds
Lab: Practice M-Mode mitral and papillary level
TOPIC (S)
Hemodynamics and the Cardiac Cycle
• Power point presentation
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES • Review of Electrical Conduction
• Review Pressures, Pressure Gradients
• Video on the Cardiac Cycle
Quiz # 2
OUTSIDE
Review for Mid-Term Exam
Complete Key Terms
WORK &
ASSIGNED
READINGS
DATE
WEEK 6
At the end of the chapter, the student will be able:
SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES • Describe the different modalities in echocardiography; (transthoracic,
transesophageal, intraoperative, stress echo, contrast echo)
• Describe imaging planes and approaches
• Describe patient positioning
• Overview of informing patient, explanation of procedure, and patient privacy
Mid-Term Exam
Lab: Practice on PLAX and PSAX views
TOPIC (S)
Introduction to Echocardiography
LEARNING • Power point presentation
ACTIVITIES • Introduction to planes and approaches
• Discussion of patients’ rights, doctors’ orders, and confidentiality
• Discuss transducer orientation
Lab: Mid-Term Lab Competency, Intro to Apical views
Review Power Point
OUTSIDE
Complete Key Terms
WORK &
Homework: Draw all Echo Views and Label Walls and Valves for each View
ASSIGNED
READINGS
DATE
WEEK 7
At the end of the chapter, the student will be able to:
SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES • Describe normal variants and their location in the heart
• Review of artifacts and pitfalls in echocardiography
• Describe transducers used in echocardiography
• Understand corrective measures for suboptimal studies
TOPIC (S)
Normal Variants in Cardiac Imaging
LEARNING • Power point presentation
ACTIVITIES • Video on Normal Variants
Lab: Optimizing Image Quality, Corrective measures to eliminate Artifacts
Review Power Point
OUTSIDE
Homework: Complete Key Terms
WORK &
ASSIGNED
READINGS
DATE
WEEK 8
At the end of the chapter, the student will be able to:
SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES • Understand cursor positioning and locations used for proper measurements
• Understand M-Mode pitfalls
• Understand measurements guided by electrocardiogram
• Describe measurements required at Ao level
• Understand normal values for every measurement
TOPIC (S)
Introduction to M-Mode, Aortic Level
LEARNING • Power point presentation
ACTIVITIES • Discuss Ao Root Diameter, Ao Cusp Separation, Left Atrial Dimension,
Ejection Time
• Understand Measurements in reference to the Cardiac Cycle
Lab: M-mode Ao Level, from Long and Short Axis
Lab test
Review Normal Values for Ao Level
OUTSIDE
Homework: Drawing of M-Mode Ao level
WORK &
Complete Key Terms
ASSIGNED
READINGS
Study for Quiz # 3
DATE
WEEK 9
At the end of the chapter, the student will be able to:
SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES • Describe measurements required at mitral and ventricular level
• Describe isovolumetric contraction and relaxation
• Describe measurements taken in diastole and systole
• Explain wall motion abnormalities
• Describe normal values recommended by ASE
TOPICS
M-Mode Mitral and Ventricular Level
LEARNING • Power point presentation
ACTIVITIES • Discuss when are measurements taken according to the Cardiac Cycle
• Discuss the importance of proper measurements and Quality Assurance
Quiz # 3
Lab: Introduction to Mitral and Ventricular M-Mode
Review Power Point and Normal Values
OUTSIDE
Complete Key terms
WORK &
Homework: Presentation on M-mode Measurements
ASSIGNED
READINGS
DATE
SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES
TOPIC (S)
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
WEEK 10
At the end of the chapter the students will be able to:
• Understand the difference between M-Mode and 2-D Measurements
• Understand normal 2-D normal values
• Describe cardiac output, stroke volume, ejection fraction
• Describe preload and afterload
• Understand ASE recommended 17 wall segments
• Describe other 2-D measurements
2-Dimensional Measurements
• Power point presentation
• Hand out of all views with labels, ASE 17 wall segments
• Discuss Ejection Fraction calculations and pitfalls
• Discuss when to take the proper measurements according to the cardiac
cycle and possible variations
Lab: Practice 2-D measurements, Calculation EF, CO, and SV
Review Power Point
Complete Key Terms
Homework: Project on Ejection Fraction, Simpson Rule
OUTSIDE
WORK &
ASSIGNED
READINGS
DATE
WEEK 11
At the end of the chapter the student will be able to:
SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES • Identify normal cardiac chambers and valves
• Identify great vessels location and anatomy
• Evaluate Aortic Root, Sinuses of Valsalva, Ao Arch, Descending Ao
• Identify Coronary Sinus, IVC, SVC, Pulmonary Veins, and Hepatic Veins
• Evaluate wall thickness and function
TOPIC (S)
Identification of Normal Cardiac Structures according to View
LEARNING • Power point presentation
ACTIVITIES • Overview of Normal Heart Anatomy Seen in Echocardiography
Lab: Understand how to analyze Chambers, Walls, Valves, Pericardium
and all structures required in Echocardiography, Practice Apical Views
OUTSIDE
Study for Final Exam and Lab Competencies
Homework: Complete Key Terms
WORK &
ASSIGNED
READINGS
DATE
WEEK 12
At the end of the chapter, the students will be able to:
SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES • Have a general understanding of electrical and mechanical events
• Understand the protocol for echocardiography
• Understand the importance of proper measurements
• Be able to understand normal heart appearance in echocardiography
TOPIC (S)
Final Exam and Overview of Echocardiography Anatomy and Physiology
LEARNING Final Exam
ACTIVITIES Final Lab Competencies
Review Echocardiography Anatomy and Physiology
OUTSIDE
WORK &
ASSIGNED
READINGS
Instructional Methods
The following strategies may be used in this class:
1. Class Lectures
2. Sketch drawings
3. PowerPoint Presentation
4. Class Discussion
5. Practice tests
6. Internet research
7. Student evaluation of course
References and Resources
ICHS Virtual Library
Login to the ICHS Virtual Library at http://www.lirn.net, access code 40149 to
online books, journals, and other reference resources selected to support ICHS curricula.
Medline Plus http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/
Health information from the National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health. Easy
access to Medline and Health topics, medical dictionaries, directories, drug information, videos
and more.
PALM BEACH COUNTY LIBRARY ONLINE RESOURCES
You need a free Palm Beach County Library card to access, or register for a free “Temporary
Research Access Code” at http://edb.pbclibrary.org/TRAC/
If you need help using any of the library websites, click on the
“Ask a Librarian” icon and “chat” with a librarian.
Consumer Health
http://www.pbclibrary.org/health.htm
CINAHL® with Full Text - full text articles for more than 610 nursing and allied health journals
(and indexing for an additional 3000 journals) as well as health care books, nursing
dissertations, selected conference proceedings, and more.
http://www.pbclibrary.org/databases/
LearningExpress - (Practice Tests) Contains online learning with skill building modules, test
preparation materials and practice exams; including test preparation E-books. Take practice
tests for Health Careers, Radiography, Registered Medical Assistant and NCLEX-RN for
Nursing. Learn techniques for job searching, resumes, interviewing and workplace skills.
http://www.pbclibrary.org/databases/
Health and Wellness Resource Center http://www.pbclibrary.org/databases/
Assessment Criteria and Methods of Evaluating Students
A equivalent to
90 – 100
4.0
B equivalent to
80 – 89
3.0
C equivalent to
75 – 79
2.0
F equivalent to
74 and below 0.0
Generally, the grades “A” through “C” are considered passing grades. Grades "W" and "I" indicate that no
grades were earned for the course. A "W" grade indicates that the student withdrew from the course. An
"I" grade indicates that the student was passing the course, but failed to complete all the required course
work. The instructor, in his/her discretion may grant an "I" grade instead of an "F", pending completion of
the course work by the student within a specified time arranged by the instructor and told to the student. It
is the student's responsibility to follow-up with the instructor to complete the course work. If the course
work is not completed by the arranged time, the “I” grade becomes an “F".
Distribution of Grade Elements
Quizzes
25%
Mid-Term
25%
Final
30%
Lab Competencies
20%
Total
100%
Syllabus Revised September 9, 2015