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• Ancient Story • Loosely based on a Historical King • A king named “Gilgamesh” ruled Uruk in Mesopotamia around 2750 B.C.E • Based on Oral Tradition • Collection of pieces into one story attributed to Sin-liqe-unninni, a Babylonian Priest • Story Repeated Across Centuries and Cultures • Cuneiform Stone Tablets • Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian • Rediscovered in the Nineteenth Century • Story Pieced Together From Multiple Sources and Translated into English • Some Missing Pieces • Stone Tablets Incomplete • Translation Uncertain • Uruk • The Steppe • Cedar Forest • The Netherworld • Places on the Journey • Tunnel (guarded by two scorpion-men) • Waters of Death • Utanapishtim’s Island • • • • • Gilgamesh Enkidu Shamhat Humbaba Gods and goddesses • • • • • • • • • Shamash Ninsun Aruru Ishtar Anu Enlil Siduri Urshanabi Ea • Utanapishtim and his wife • King of Uruk, A Mighty City • 2/3 Divine, 1/3 Human • Mother is Ninsun (the Wild Cow) • Arrogant and Abusive • The People of Uruk complain about how he treats them • The “birth goddess” Aruru Responds by Creating Enkidu • “Equal” to Gilgamesh • Created from clay by Aruru • Purpose is to “Contend” with Gilgamesh to Bring Peace to Uruk • A Wild Man • Covered in Hair • Raised by Animals in the Wilderness with No Connection to Civilization • Contact with Civilization Causes Him to Lose His Wildness • Seduced by Shamhat, the Harlot • Educated by Shepherds • Fights Gilgamesh • Become Friends • Friendship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu • Civilization vs. Wilderness • Adventures • Battle with Humbaba • Conflict with Ishtar • Quest for Immortality • Reality of Death • The Flood Story • Success or failure? • Civilization vs. Nature • Immortality vs. Mortality • Divinity vs. Humanity • Friendship • Fame • Heroism
