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THE ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR On December 7, 1941 the Empire of Japan launched a surprise attack on the U.S. Naval base at Pearl Harbor on the Island of Oahu, Hawaii. The attack would bring the U.S. into World War II. PEARL HARBOR CONTINUED The intent of the attack was to secures Japan’s move into Singapore and the Dutch East Indies to obtain resources (oil), by preventing intervention by the U.S. Pacific fleet. LOSSES AT PEARL HARBOR 2403 U.S. military personal died, 1178 were wounded. Eleven U.S. ships were destroyed or sunk. (U.S.S. Arizona) 188 aircraft were destroyed. Japan lost 64 soldiers, 29 aircraft, and 5 midget submarines. “A DATE WHICH WILL LIVE IN INFAMY” (FDR) On December 8, 1941 the United States and Great Britain declared war on Japan. On December 11, 1941 Germany declared war on the United States, and the U.S. was officially in World War II. THE BATAAN DEATH MARCH On April 10, 1942 76,000 Allied POWs including 12,000 U.S. soldiers are forced to walk 60 miles under the blazing sun without food or water to a new POW camp. Over 5,000 Americans die on this journey. THE DOOLITTLE RAID On April 18, 1942 the United States launched the Doolittle Raid. B-25s from the USS Hornet launch bombing raids against Tokyo. All the pilots were volunteers, considered a suicide mission. THE DOOLITTLE RAID CONTINUED Bombers would launch from an aircraft carrier to attack Japan and land in China. The planes were forced to launch early because they were discovered by the Japanese. They had to fly a greater distance and did not have enough fuel to reach China safely. RESULTS OF THE DOOLITTLE RAID The bombers did hit Japan and did some damage. One of the 16 planes crashed in Russia, the others had to land early in China. 2 crew members died in the crash, 8 were captured and three executed. The other five eventually were set free. It proved to Japan that they could be hit. THE BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA The battle took place from May 7-8 off the coast of New Guinea. It is the first time in history that two opposing aircraft carrier forces fight each other without seeing each other, using only aircraft. Japan suffers its first defeat of the World War II. THE SIEGE OF LENINGRAD On August 20, 1941 the German Army begin to advance towards Leningrad (St. Petersburg), a large city in Northern Russia. The siege started on September 8, 1941 and was lifted on January 27, 1944. LENINGRAD CONTINUED The siege lasted 900 days and is considered to be the second most lethal battle in history. The Soviet lost 332,000 soldiers, 24,000 died in non-combat situations, and about 1 million civilians died (combat, starvation, exposure) The Germans lost more than half of the 725,000 soldiers in Leningrad. LENINGRAD IS RELIEVED The Siege of Leningrad ended on Jan. 27, 1944 – 872 days after it began. 3200 residential building, 9,000 wooden houses, and 840 factories were destroyed. 500,000 Axis casualties, 350,000 Soviet Soldiers killed, over 100,000 Soviet soldiers missing, over 1 million Soviet civilian casualties. Why did the Germans want Stalingrad? 1. It is a major industrial city on the Volga River – transportation network to the north. 2. Its capture would allow Germany into the oil-rich Caucasus Region cutting of oil to Russia’s military. JULY 9, 1942 THE GERMANS BEGIN THE PUSH TO TAKE OVER STALINGRAD (U.S.S.R) – VOLGOGRAD *The Battle of Stalingrad is the single most bloodiest battle in history – the second being the Battle of Leningrad. *The battle was fought in the buildings and streets of Stalingrad with thousands of Russian civilians involved. BATTLE OF STALINGRADE JULY 17, 1942 – FEBRUARY 2, 1943 Soviets = 479,000 dead or missing soldiers. 650,000 wounded or sick 40,000 plus civilians dead. Thousands of civilians wounded, homeless, hungry. STALINGRAD CONTINUED OTHER RESULTS GERMANY = 750,000 SOLDIERS KILLED OR WOUNDED. 91, 000 SOLDIERS CAPTURED. Over all there were about 2 million casualties making it the deadliest battle in history. The battle lasted for 199 days – making it one of the longest in history. This was a turning point on the Eastern Front of Europe – the Germans began to retreat and did not launch another successful invasion on the east. The life expectancy for a newly arrived Russian soldier at Stalingrad was one day ( at the height of the battle ), for an officer it was three days. SOVIET VICTORY? THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY On June 4-5 of 1942 the Japanese and the United States fought to control the island of Midway, one of the last U.S. outpost in the Pacific. This was another battle where most of the fighting was done by aircrafts form carriers. MIDWAY CONTINUED U.S. torpedo planes and dive bombers form the carriers ENTERPRISE, HORNET, and YORKTOWN attacked and destroyed four Japanese aircraft carriers, plus other Japanese ships. The Unites States lost the YORKTOWN. This was an American victory and the turning point of the war. MARCH 1942 General Douglas MacArthur is appointed commander of the Army in the Pacific. Admiral Chester Nimitz is appointed commander of the Navy in the Pacific.