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Unit 5 - PLANET EARTH TOPIC 1 – MINERALS 1. Please write the VOCABULARY words for the following definitions. P. 354 1. Mineral: A pure, naturally occurring, non-living crystalline material 2. Crust: The outermost layer of Earth 3. Rock: Is made up of more than one mineral 4. Element: A pure substance 5. Compound: Made up of two or more elements combined 2. In order to survive your body needs 20 or more different elements found in minerals. Iron and pyrite, help the body carry oxygen, calcium, from calcite and dolomite helps to regulate water in the body’s cells. 3. What is Mohs Hardness Scale? What is it used for? Please copy from p. 355 - Mohs Hardness Scale is a scale that contains minerals in increasing hardness from 1-10. It is used to test the “scratchability” of minerals in order to identify them. Mineral Hardness Common Object Talc 1 SOFTEST Soft Pencil Point (1.5) Gypsum 2 Fingernail (2.5) Calcite 3 Piece of Copper (3.5) Fluorite 4 Iron Nail (4.5) Apatite 5 Glass (5.5) Feldspar Quartz Topaz Corundum Diamond 6 7 8 9 10 HARDEST Steel File (6.5) Porcelain Tile (7) Flint Sandpaper (7.5) Emery Paper (9) Carborundum Sandpaper (9.5) 4. Crystals are the building blocks of minerals. Crystals occur naturally and have straight edges, flat sides and regular angles. 5. Crystal structure provides an important clue to its identity. There are 7 ‘Clues’ or Properties that help us to identify minerals. Please list the 7 and give a key pt. for each. P.355-357 1.Hardness: “scratchability” of minerals on a scale of 1 to 10 (Mohs Hardness Scale) 2. Crystal Structure: naturally-occurring formations of minerals (6 major crystal systems – ex. cubic, tetragonal) 3. Lustre: “shininess” of minerals – shiny (metallic or non-metallic) or dull 4. Color: the color of the mineral (usually another identifying factor must be used to correctly identify the minerals as color can change or minerals can have the same color) 5. Streak: color of the powdered form of a mineral found by scratching the mineral across an unglazed porcelain tile. 6. Cleavage/Fracture: A mineral has cleavage if it breaks apart into smooth, flat planes. A mineral has fracture if it breaks apart into uneven, rough, jagged pieces. 7. Transparency: transparent (see-through), translucent (cloudy), opaque (cannot see through). 6. What is difference between Cleavage and Fracture? - Cleavage is when a mineral breaks along smooth, flat surfaces or planes - Fracture is when minerals break with rough, jagged, uneven edges *Geologist’s Mystery Activity p. 358 – Be sure to include ALL requirements for Lab Write Up * Dig for Treasure – please read p. 360 Topic 1 Review p. 360 #1,2 1. 2. Mineral Investigation Choose 5 minerals that you would like to know more about. For each mineral, include: Name (s) What element(s) does it contain? Picture Where the mineral is found/mined Color Lustre Hardness Crystal Structure Streak Transparency Cleavage/Fracture Any uses for the mineral (What is it used for? Why do we mine it?)