Download Unit 5 - PLANET EARTH TOPIC 1 – MINERALS

Unit 5 - PLANET EARTH
TOPIC 1 – MINERALS
1. Please write the VOCABULARY words for the following definitions. P.
354
1. Mineral: A pure, naturally occurring, non-living crystalline material
2. Crust: The outermost layer of Earth
3. Rock: Is made up of more than one mineral
4. Element: A pure substance
5. Compound: Made up of two or more elements combined
2. In order to survive your body needs 20 or more different elements
found in minerals. Iron and pyrite, help the body carry oxygen, calcium,
from calcite and dolomite helps to regulate water in the body’s cells.
3. What is Mohs Hardness Scale? What is it used for? Please copy from
p. 355
- Mohs Hardness Scale is a scale that contains minerals in increasing
hardness from 1-10. It is used to test the “scratchability” of minerals in
order to identify them.
Mineral
Hardness
Common Object
Talc
1 SOFTEST
Soft Pencil Point (1.5)
Gypsum
2
Fingernail (2.5)
Calcite
3
Piece of Copper (3.5)
Fluorite
4
Iron Nail (4.5)
Apatite
5
Glass (5.5)
Feldspar
Quartz
Topaz
Corundum
Diamond
6
7
8
9
10 HARDEST
Steel File (6.5)
Porcelain Tile (7)
Flint Sandpaper (7.5)
Emery Paper (9)
Carborundum
Sandpaper (9.5)
4. Crystals are the building blocks of minerals. Crystals occur naturally
and have straight edges, flat sides and regular angles.
5. Crystal structure provides an important clue to its identity. There are
7 ‘Clues’ or Properties that help us to identify minerals. Please list the 7
and give a key pt. for each. P.355-357
1.Hardness: “scratchability” of minerals on a scale of 1 to 10 (Mohs
Hardness Scale)
2. Crystal Structure: naturally-occurring formations of minerals
(6 major crystal systems – ex. cubic, tetragonal)
3. Lustre: “shininess” of minerals – shiny (metallic or non-metallic) or dull
4. Color: the color of the mineral (usually another identifying factor must
be used to correctly identify the minerals as color can change or minerals
can have the same color)
5. Streak: color of the powdered form of a mineral found by scratching
the mineral across an unglazed porcelain tile.
6. Cleavage/Fracture: A mineral has cleavage if it breaks apart into
smooth, flat planes. A mineral has fracture if it breaks apart into uneven,
rough, jagged pieces.
7. Transparency: transparent (see-through), translucent (cloudy), opaque
(cannot see through).
6. What is difference between Cleavage and Fracture?
- Cleavage is when a mineral breaks along smooth, flat surfaces or planes
- Fracture is when minerals break with rough, jagged, uneven edges
*Geologist’s Mystery Activity p. 358 – Be sure to include ALL
requirements for Lab Write Up
* Dig for Treasure – please read p. 360
Topic 1 Review p. 360 #1,2
1.
2.
Mineral Investigation
Choose 5 minerals that you would like to know more about. For each
mineral, include:
Name (s)
What element(s) does it contain?
Picture
Where the mineral is found/mined
Color
Lustre
Hardness
Crystal Structure
Streak
Transparency
Cleavage/Fracture
Any uses for the mineral (What is it used for? Why do we mine it?)