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SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STDS) SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STD) • What is a sexually transmitted disease (STD)? It is an infection or disease that can be passed from person to person through sexual contact. HOW DO YOU GET AN STD? • You can get and pass STDs through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. • Some STDs cause no symptoms. But STDs can still be passed from person to person even if there are no symptoms. CAN STDS CAUSE HEALTH PROBLEMS? • Each STD causes different health problems, overall, they can cause cervical cancer and other cancers, liver disease, pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, pregnancy problems, and other complications. • Some STDs increase your risk of getting HIV/AIDS. HOW ARE STDS TREATED? • The treatment depends on the type of STD. For some STDs, treatment may involve taking medicine or getting a shot. • For other STDs that can’t be cured, like herpes, but there is treatment to relieve the symptoms. HOW TO PREVENT FROM STD • Be faithful • Use condoms during sexual intercourse • Know that some methods of birth control, like birth control pills, shots, implants, will not protect you from STDs. • Talk frankly with your doctor or nurse and your partner (husband or wife) about any STDs you or your partner have or had. Try not to be embarrassed. • Have a regular pelvic exams. GONORRHOEA • Gonorrhoea is only transmitted during sexual intercourse. • It caused by Neisseria gonorrhea, bacteria that can only survive inside the moist, warm areas like the reproductive tract, cervix, womb, fallopian tubes in women and the urethra in both males and females. Neisseria gonorrhea THE SYMPTOMS • Symptoms are often mild, but most women have no symptoms. Even when women have symptoms, they can sometimes be mistaken for a bladder or another vaginal infection. Symptoms are: • pain or burning when urinating • yellowish and sometimes bloody vaginal discharge • bleeding between menstrual periods • If the bacteria spread to the bloodstream, they can infect the joints, heart valves, or the brain. • An infected woman who is pregnant may pass the infection to her infant as the baby passes through the birth canal during delivery. TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF GONORRHEA • Treatment for uncomplicated gonorrhea consists of antibiotics. • Prevention of Gonorrhea : All sexually active persons should consider using latex condoms to prevent STDs and HIV infection. Talk openly with your partner about STDs. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) • The HIV is a human pathogen that was identified in 1980s. • The virus enters human cells and uses the cell to make more viruses which then enter even more cells. • HIV infection may lead to the development of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). • If someone has been infected with HIV it means he is being HIV+ • The virus weakens the immune system that makes him easier to be infected by other diseases such as TB and pneumonia. • People who do not have HIV are described as HIV. HIV and lymphocytes • HIV attacks and destroy the lymphocytes (coordinate the immune system). • During HIV infection, the number of T lymphocytes decreases and lessen the production of antibodies • HIV+ people will develop diseases, as well as cancers because the immune system does not recognise and destroy the diseases The symptoms • The symptoms of AIDS: 1. Swollen glands and a body high temperature 2. Extreme weight loss 3. Various types of cancer 4. A decrease in brain function Not all HIV+ people develop AIDS. Some people remain HIV+, but without any symptoms at all. Treatment of AIDS and HIV Infection • Although there is no cure for AIDS and as yet no vaccine for HIV. • The treatments are: • taking anti-viral drugs, to prevent the virus multiplying inside the body’s cells. • Take antibiotics to treat bacterial and fungal infections that they have. • Since HIV infection cannot be cured, it is important to prevent the transmission of the virus The prevention • Methods to reduce the HIV/AIDS transmission are: • The use of condom during sexual intercourse • Free needle exchange schemes to reduce the use of shared needles amongst drug users • Careful screening of donated blood used for transfusions. Summary questions • What is the difference between AIDS and HIV? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Why can gonorrhoea be treated by antibiotic while AIDS can not? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________