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Heat Transfer, Sea/Land Breezes, Winds, Coriolis Effect, Chapter 7 Lesson 1 - Winds Angle of the Sun’s Rays •Energy from the sun strikes Earth most directly near the equator. Near the poles, the same amount of energy is spread out over a larger area. What affects air temperature? North Pole South Pole June (summer in Northern Hemisphere) North Pole Dec. (winter in Northern Hemisphere) South Pole Insolation is the amount of the Sun’s energy that reaches Earth at a given time and place. - Heat Transfer How Heat Is Transferred •Heat is transferred in three ways: radiation, conduction, and convection. - Heat Transfer Temperature and the Movement of Molecules •The iced tea is cold, so its molecules move slowly. The herbal tea is hot, so its molecules move faster than the molecules in the iced tea. What is air pressure? Air pressure is the force exerted on a given area by the impacts of gas particles in constant motion. cool air warm air sea breeze warm air cool air land breeze - Winds Coriolis Effect •As Earth rotates, the Coriolis effect turns winds in the Northern Hemisphere toward the right. - Winds Global Wind Belts •A series of wind belts circles Earth. Between the wind belts are calm areas where air is rising or falling. What are global winds? - Winds Jet Streams •The jet streams are high-speed bands of winds occurring at the top of the troposphere. - Winds Relating Cause and Effect •As you read, identify how the unequal heating of the atmosphere causes the air to move. Write the information in a graphic organizer like the one below. Effects Warm air expands, becomes less dense, and rises. Cause Unequal heating of the atmosphere Cold, more dense air sinks. Dense cold air has a higher pressure than less dense warm air. Wind blows from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure.
