Download Evolution USA Test Prep Benchmark Code: MUCOTAFUDE

Biology Unit Eight: Evolution EOC Practice Test
1. According to Darwin, organisms that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to produce
offspring than organisms that are less well adapted to their environment. Which phrase is used to
summarize this idea?
A. species variability
C.
use and disuse of organs
B. survival of the fittest
D.
evolution through mutation
2. In order for natural selection to occur, Charles Darwin stated we must begin with a population of
organisms that has genetic
A. competition.
C.
reproduction.
B. engineering.
D.
variation.
3. The diagram shows the leg bones of an Orangutan, dog, pig, cow, tapir, and horse. Most of the animals
have the same bones, although some are shaped differently and placed in different positions.
What does this suggest about mammals?
A. That they shared a common ancestor.
B. That mammals are evolving to become more and more like one another.
C. That they developed their bone structure independently of one another.
D. That the shape of the bones has less to do with the environment pressures on the
animal, and more to do with what their relatives are.
4.The genetic information in human and chimpanzee DNA shows a high degree of similarity, as humans
share about 99% of their DNA code with chimpanzees. What is an explanation for this similarity?
A. They evolved from each other.
B. Their evolution is nearly complete.
C. They evolved at the same time.
D. They evolved from a common ancestor.
5. Which of these statements BEST defines vestigial organs?
A. vital organs that are functional in all organisms of a lineage
B. vital organs that are functional only in alternate generations of a lineage
C. redundant organs present in an organism, which have been functional in the organism’s ancestors
D. redundant organs present in an organism, which will be functional in the succeeding generations
of the lineage
6. The embryonic development of animals suggests an order of relation between humans and other
animals; some animals being more closely related to humans than the others. Which of these options
arranges the animals in a DESCENDING order of closeness of relation with humans?
A. I, III, II
B. III, II, I
C. II, III, I
D. II, I, III
7. Fifty years ago, bed bugs were nearly eliminated in the United States by using of pesticides like DDT.
Today bed bugs are back in beds and theaters. DDT is no longer used due to environmental issues.
Pyrethrums are currently the top choice for bed bug infestations. Pyrethrums are especially useful to us
because they generally have a stronger effect on bugs than on humans and animals. The bed bugs that
had mutations in their genetic code which allowed them to survive the chemical pesticide produced
more chemically resistant offspring. How can this be explained?
A. mutations were planned out by the bugs
B. bed bugs chose other bugs to partner with who had the mutation
C. bed bugs chose other bugs to partner with who had no mutations
D. mutations involved the genetic variation of the bugs are random
8. Human activities can alter an ecosystem and bring about the extinction of a species. Such activities
include any of these except
A. hunting a species to extinction.
B. introducing toxic compounds into food webs.
C. assuring a habitat remains unaltered.
D. introducing a new species into an environment.
9. In a field of sunflowers, there are varying heights. A plant that is too short may not be able to compete
with other plants for sunlight. However, extremely tall plants may be more susceptible to wind damage.
Combined, these two selection pressures select to maintain plants of medium height. The number of
plants of medium height will increase while the numbers of short and tall plants will decrease. This is an
example of __________ selection.
A. directional
B. environmental
C. disruptive D.. stabilizing
10. The snowshoe rabbit has white fur in winter and dark fur in summer. What is the main survival
advantage of this fur color change to the rabbit?
A. The light fur keeps the rabbit from getting sunburned in summer.
B. The dark fur absorbs more sunlight so the rabbit is warmer in winter.
C. The fur color is an adaptive form of camouflage to avoid predators.
D. The white fur is more valuable to fur trappers, so the animal will be trapped and better fed in winter.
11. Human activities can alter an ecosystem and bring about the extinction of a species. Such activities
include any of these except
A. hunting a species to extinction.
B. introducing toxic compounds into food webs.
C. assuring a habitat remains unaltered.
D. introducing a new species into an environment.
12. The four organisms illustrated are all capable of various forms of asexual reproduction. What
processes, involving DNA and RNA, are necessary for all four of these organisms to successfully make
replicas of themselves?
A. meiosis, replication, crossing over
B. recombination, replication, cloning
C. replication, transcription, translation
D. translation, transcription, transferal
13. A population of bacteria is treated with an antibiotic. Because of variation in the population of
bacteria, what is a possible outcome of the treatment?
A. The population will increase rapidly.
B. The population will be better able to obtain a food source.
C. All of the bacteria will be resistant to the antibiotic.
D. Some of the bacteria may be resistant to the antibiotic and survive.
14. Biochemical analysis uses similarities in __________ as evidence for evolutionary relationships.
A. DNA sequences
C. cellular architecture
B. bone structure
D. homologous structures
15. Farmer Fran sprays her sugarcane field with a highly effective pesticide called 'Bayou Bug Blast'. For
five years the pesticide works without a hitch, effectively killing almost all of the bayou weevils trying
to eat Farmer Fran's crop. However, during the 6th year, some of the crop takes a hit. During the 7th
year, she loses half of her crop, and during the 8th year, she loses almost the entire cane field to bayou
weevils, despite using twice the usual dose of Bayou Bug Blast. What happened?
A. The sugar cane became used to the pesticide, rendering it ineffective.
B. A small population of weevils survived on other food sources and returned to the sugar cane field to
feed.
C. Bayou weevils over-populated, because Bayou Bug Blast killed all of the predatory insects.
D. The weaker weevils were killed, and Farmer Fran accidentally caused only pesticide-resistant
beetles to survive.
16. In many cases, one type of organism puts selection pressure on another, so they evolve together.
For example, flowers and their pollinators. This is called
A. artificial selection
B. coevolution
C. random mutation
D. mimicry
17. The diagram shows the embryo development of four vertebrates and suggests all of the following
EXCEPT
A. common ancestry of vertebrates.
B. there are significant differences in the embryos of all four groups.
C. there are very few differences in the development of any vertebrate
D. common features (gills and segments) in the embryos of all vertebrates.
18. Whales are thought to have evolved from land animals similar to large otters. As evidence of this,
whales have useless leg bones (structure C) that float inside their bodies. These leg bones are
___________ structures.
A. vestigial
B. analogous
C. homologous
D. evolutionary
19. The dots represent a bacterial infection. Sal was very sick with this bacterial infection. The infection
was treated with antibiotics. Sal seemed to get well, but in a few weeks, she was sick again. How can
this be explained using natural selection?
A. The antibiotics were ineffective to this strain of bacteria.
B. The antibiotics did not kill the bacteria; it only forced them
to be dormant.
C. The stronger, more resistant bacteria survived the antibiotics
and reproduced.
D. Antibiotics will only kill a portion of the bacteria, no matter
how much medicine Sal takes.
20. The phylogenetic tree illustrates the relationship between humans and our closest living relatives. The
tree was based on biochemical comparisons, including DNA and amino acid sequences.
According to the biomolecular data, we COULD infer that
A. the four organisms do not have a common ancestor.
B. chimps are more closely related to gorillas than they are to humans.
C. humans are more closely related to chimps than any other apes.
D. there is no evidence if any relationship between the four branches on the tree.