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WWI The Great War The War to end All Wars 1914-1918 65 million men who were mobilized, more than 10 million were killed and more than 20 million wounded. Today Check grades on progressbook Tools to determine credibility of a source RAP BACQ Into and WWI Notes Fill out Final Study Guide as a class Pass back chapter 12 quiz WWI Links 100 pictures of WWI http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/worldhistory/history-of-the-first-world-war-in-100-moments/ahistory-of-the-first-world-war-in-100-moments-russialoses-an-army-at-the-battle-of-tannenberg-9247186.html World War I 1. 2. 3. 4. Objectives Understand the causes and consequence of WWI Assess new military technology used during WWI and how they began to change warfare and caused more casualties The global view of war and the outcomes and human costs of war. Outcome of War including the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations. Sequence the Events 1. Countries engage in Militarism, Imperialism, created Alliances and Nationalism was on the rise in European countries 2. Assassination of Franz Ferdinand 3. Germany backs up Austria 4. Conflicts over borders 5. Ottomans back up Austria and Germany 6. Serbia is given an ultimatum 7. Germany attacks through the Schlieffen Plan 8. Austria declares war on Serbia 9. Russia mobilizes troops on the Austrian border to defend the Serbs 10. Britain and France back up Russia Causes of World War I M.A.I.N. Militarism,-European powers building up arms. Created mistrust among nations. Alliances- Nations made alliances with one another for mutual self-defense. Two major alliances in WWI (pg. 742) Allies- France, Russia, Britain, Belgium, and the U.S. Central Powers- Germany, Austria –Hungary, Ottoman Empire http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/F/first worldwar/index_comba.html Causes of WWI Imperialism-European countries trying to expand their empires. Nationalism- much of central and Eastern Europe under rule of empires. These empires included different nationalities of groups. Ex. Balkan Region Slavic nationalists working to create own empire separate from Austria-Hungary. WWI-Family Feud!! George V King of England Queen Victoria Grandma to Kaiser William II of Germany Cousin by marriage Czar Nicholas II Map of Europe Before WWI Causes of WWI Assassination of Heir to Austro-Hungarian thrown by a Slavic nationalist. Spurred Europe into World Franz-Ferdinand and Wife Gavrilo Princip Balkan Region World at War 1914 European powers lined up against each other 1914: WW1 begins with German aggression; according to the Schlieffen Germany would quickly attack and neutralize France, leaving England stranded across the Channel, Germany would then attack Russia in the East. C:\Documents and Settings\rwalgate\My Documents\BBC - History - The Western Front, 1914 - 1918 Animation_files World At War None of the European powers fully prepared for war. –thought war would only last 6 months Old Weapons-cavalry and horse drawn weapons played important role in each nations’ military. These weapons were quickly discarded. Early war and animals link http://www.theatlantic.com/static/infocus/w wi/wwianimals/ Western Front The Schlieffen Plan launched war on the Western front. Western Front was fought geographically between Germany, France, Belgium, Italy and Greece The Western Front became a stalemate Characteristics of Trench warfare Wet and muddy Smelly Lice Dead bodies Disease Impure water Rats “”The men slept in mud,washed in mud, ate in mud, and dreamed in mud” Trench Warfare Hardships in the trench Rotate to different trench every 3 weeks Allies 4 types of trenches 1. front line trench 2. support trench 3. reserve trench 4. communication trench Central Powers -trenches much more sophisticated-tunnel system sleeping quarters, toilets, electricity Trench Foot Field in Flanders I've a Little Wet Home in a Trench I've a little wet home in a trench Where the rainstorms continually drench, There's a dead cow close by With her feet in towards the sky And she gives off a terrible stench. Underneath, in the place of a floor, There's a mass of wet mud and some straw, But with shells dropping there, There's no place to compare, With my little wet home in the trench. Folklore song which originated from life in the trenches. Sung to the tune of My Little Grey Home in the West. New Weapons introduced during WWI in hopes of bringing a quick end to the war Tanks- fire up to 13,000 bullets Poison gases Artillery-upgraded versions of cannons. launch further, high explosive shells Planes- used to be more for scouting WWI used for bombing Very dangerous- “flaming coffins” Barbed Wire- put up in front of trenches Machine Guns Battles First Battle of the Marne: Germans 30 miles from Paris at Marne River. The French plan: best form of defense was to attack. French taxicabs drove important reinforcements into the city. German army forced to retreat forty miles, no choice but to dig trenches 250,000 French died; Germans suffered the same Schlieffen plan failed http://www.firstworldwar.com/ video/taxisofthemarne.htm Gallipoli Campaign This front of the war was a region in the Ottoman Empire known as the Dardanelles Goal of the Gallipoli Campaign was to defeat the Ottomans and establish a supply line to Russia The Allies gave up after the front became a bloody stalemate. The Turks had mined the water, the Allied ships were old, and resistance was greater than had been anticipated. Fighting in Africa and Asia Japan attacked German outposts in China England and France attacked German colonies in Africa Some African colonies and volunteered to fight in WWI in hopes of gaining independence after the war. Sadly independence will not be granted until after WWII. Eastern Front aka the Frozen Front Stretch of battlefield between German and Russian Border More mobile on this front than on the Western front Tannenburg: Germany's greatest success on Eastern Front. Russian army never fully recovered Of 150,000 Russians: 30,000 casualties; more than 95,000 taken prisoner. Russia Struggles Russia struggled fighting the Germans but had a little more success with Austria-Hungary By 1916 the Russians were running out of guns, ammo., food, clothes, boots and blankets in the dead of winter The Russians prevailed on the Eastern Front because of more population/soldiers. http://media-2.web.britannica.com/ebmedia/71/64871-004-5AF5F4B5.gif Russian Revolution 1917 Russian Revolution Citizens very unhappy with Czar Nicholas II. Soldiers and workers revolted because… Russian Revolution Impacts WWI Czar-King All resources going to war effort-low food and fuel Russian soldiers ill prepared for war-only 1/4th of their soldiers have guns Revolution breaks out in Russia and they drop out of WWI in 1917. Allies lose one force but gain another Russian Revolution Revolt was successful Czar Nicholas II formally stepped down from power. Provisional Government takes over but struggles to maintain order because of Russian Involvement in WWI. Romanov Family Exectued Russian Revolution Bolsheviks-radical revolutionary group led by Vladimir Lenin. 1918 Bolshevik’s (backed by workers and soldiers) overthrow provisional govt. and in store socialist society. (Communism) Bolshevik’s claimed absolute power and ended private ownership of property. Russia signs treaty with Germany in 1918 and draws out of WWI. Impact of Russian Revolution on WWI Russia draws out of war. Allies lose one force but gain another. Stats of WWI New Weapons cause mass destruction 10 million killed and over 20 million wounded Millions of civilians died from disease and starvation War cost around $383 billion Nations need civilians to enter the war and work to provide food, guns, ammunition, etc. Women were important to war effort for factory work. WWI is a “Total War” Both sides in the war had to put all efforts and resources toward the war effort. (economy, citizens) Nations involved had to devote all of their resources to it. U.S. Neutrality 1. 2. 3. 4. U.S. tried to stay neutral President Woodrow Wilson re-elected to keep U.S. out of war. Problems with neutrality Americans take sides-many American citizens supported the British b/c of common culture and language America tries to trade with both sides-not working British imposed blockades German U-Boats led to unrestricted submarine warfare. Ad placed in the New York papers the morning the British passenger liner, Lusitania, sailed for Europe and was sunk by a German U-boat seven days later. Photo: The National Archives U.S. Neutrality 5. Lusitania British ships sunk by Germany -contained 128 American passengers -fueled anger 6. Sussex Pledge - note from President Wilson to Germany to tell Germany to stop using submarine war fare. 7. Zimmerman Note- note from Germany to Mexico Wanted Mexico to join alliance with Germ. Germ. Promised Mexico California, Texas, New Mexico U.S. Entrance into WWI American entrance into WWI in 1917 Side with Allies-eventhough Allies lost Russians, the U.S. entrance boosted morale and brought needed resources, (human and industrial resources) U.S. Commit over 2 mill. Led by Gen. Pershing America in WWI Draft -ages 18-30 extended 18-45 30 % of people drafted turned down. Bad health because of Industrial Revolution and bad working conditions. Who won the War - - Allies Allied troops eventually pushed back Germans and were positioned to advance on German soil. Germans knew the war was lost Armistice signed Nov. 11, 1918 11th hour, 11th day, 11th month Effects of War Europe undergoes political and social instability 9 million soldiers dead 21 million wounded 13 million civilians dead of disease and starvation. European economies were drained$383 billion-this is on the test! People felt despair and insecurity Treaty of Versailles AKA-Paris Peace Conference Terms of treaty dictated by The Big 4 although 32 nations attended -David Lloyd George Britain -Georges Clemenceau France - Woodrow Wilson U.S. - Victorio Orlando Italy Test Question!!!! See # 34 on study guide Terms of Treaty Germany lost territory and was stripped of its colonies in Africa and Asia Germany made to pay for war damage in Europe and pay Allies for cost of war“War Guilt Clause”. League of Nations implemented (President Wilson’s idea) New nations were created due to the break up of the Austrian and Ottoman Empires-Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Iraq, Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan Treaty of Versailles=Peace built on Quicksand The treaty blamed Germany and caused German resentment toward the Allies which Hitler would capitalize on and wage WWII Other countries felt cheated out of territory-Italy and Japan (they entered the war to gain territory and got less than they wanted) Colonized countries felt ignored by their requests for independence Two decades later peace will officially collapse-WWII 1939 President Wilson’s 14 points Peace plan for war - Thought of before war was over - Based on the “justice for all people” 1-5. Addressed issues Wilson thought caused the war. 6-13. Settlement of European boundaries 14. League of Nations Wilson’s 14 points were rejected by THE BIG 4 except for the League of Nations. League of Nations Wilson’s idea implemented in Treaty of Versailles Purpose- promotion of peace Try to stop another World War from happening. Successful in minor conflicts but did not prevent WWII. Dissolved in 1946 United Nations took its place U.S. refusal to join League of Nations Senate did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles Therefore, U.S did not enter the L.O.N. Republicans in control of the Senate and not happy with President Wilson. Favored isolationist policy. Today Notes out!!!!!!!!!!!!! Finish last couple slides Catch phrase Rule Change I will circulate with the cards. If you cant describe the card, instead of passing I will describe it for your team. You will lose a point though : ( Final Exam Test Directions Answer numbers 1-30 on the scantron. Numbers 31-33 will be completed on the answer document. For the WWI portion of the test, flip the scantron over and begin answering with number 51.