Download WWI Notes - Revere Local Schools

WWI
The Great War
The War to end All Wars
1914-1918
65 million men who were mobilized, more than 10 million
were killed and more than 20 million wounded.
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 Into and WWI Notes
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WWI Links
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100 pictures of WWI
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/worldhistory/history-of-the-first-world-war-in-100-moments/ahistory-of-the-first-world-war-in-100-moments-russialoses-an-army-at-the-battle-of-tannenberg-9247186.html
World War I
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Objectives
Understand the causes and consequence
of WWI
Assess new military technology used during
WWI and how they began to change
warfare and caused more casualties
The global view of war and the outcomes
and human costs of war.
Outcome of War including the Treaty of
Versailles and the League of Nations.
Sequence the Events
1. Countries engage in Militarism, Imperialism,
created Alliances and Nationalism was on the
rise in European countries
2. Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
3. Germany backs up Austria
4. Conflicts over borders
5. Ottomans back up Austria and Germany
6. Serbia is given an ultimatum
7. Germany attacks through the Schlieffen Plan
8. Austria declares war on Serbia
9. Russia mobilizes troops on the Austrian
border to defend the Serbs
10. Britain and France back up Russia
Causes of World War I
M.A.I.N.
 Militarism,-European powers building up arms.
Created mistrust among nations.
 Alliances- Nations made alliances with one
another for mutual self-defense.
 Two major alliances in WWI (pg. 742)
Allies- France, Russia, Britain, Belgium, and the
U.S.
Central Powers- Germany, Austria –Hungary,
Ottoman Empire
http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/F/first
worldwar/index_comba.html
Causes of WWI
 Imperialism-European
countries trying to
expand their empires.
 Nationalism-
much of central and Eastern
Europe under rule of empires. These
empires included different nationalities of
groups. Ex. Balkan Region Slavic
nationalists working to create own empire
separate from Austria-Hungary.
WWI-Family Feud!!
George V King
of England
Queen Victoria
Grandma to
Kaiser William
II of Germany
Cousin by
marriage Czar
Nicholas II
Map of Europe Before WWI
Causes of WWI

Assassination of Heir to Austro-Hungarian
thrown by a Slavic nationalist.
 Spurred Europe into World
Franz-Ferdinand and Wife
Gavrilo Princip
Balkan Region
World at War

1914 European powers lined up against each
other
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1914: WW1 begins with German aggression;
according to the Schlieffen Germany would
quickly attack and neutralize France, leaving
England stranded across the Channel, Germany
would then attack Russia in the East.
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C:\Documents and Settings\rwalgate\My
Documents\BBC - History - The Western Front,
1914 - 1918 Animation_files
World At War
 None
of the European powers fully
prepared for war. –thought war would only
last 6 months
 Old Weapons-cavalry and horse drawn
weapons played important role in each
nations’ military.
 These weapons were quickly discarded.
 Early war and animals link
 http://www.theatlantic.com/static/infocus/w
wi/wwianimals/
Western Front
 The
Schlieffen Plan launched war on the
Western front.
 Western
Front was fought geographically
between Germany, France, Belgium, Italy
and Greece
 The
Western Front became a stalemate
Characteristics of Trench warfare

Wet and muddy
 Smelly
 Lice
 Dead bodies
 Disease
 Impure water
 Rats
“”The men slept in mud,washed in mud, ate in
mud, and dreamed in mud”
Trench Warfare
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Hardships in the trench
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Rotate to different
trench every 3 weeks
Allies 4 types of trenches
1. front line trench
2. support trench
3. reserve trench
4. communication trench
Central Powers
-trenches much more
sophisticated-tunnel
system
sleeping quarters, toilets,
electricity
Trench Foot
Field in Flanders

I've a Little Wet Home in a Trench
I've a little wet home in a trench
Where the rainstorms continually drench,
There's a dead cow close by
With her feet in towards the sky
And she gives off a terrible stench.
Underneath, in the place of a floor,
There's a mass of wet mud and some straw,
But with shells dropping there,
There's no place to compare,
With my little wet home in the trench.
Folklore song which originated from life in the trenches.
Sung to the tune of My Little Grey Home in the West.
New Weapons introduced during WWI in
hopes of bringing a quick end to the war
 Tanks-
fire up to 13,000 bullets
 Poison gases
 Artillery-upgraded versions of cannons.
launch further, high explosive shells
 Planes- used to be more for scouting
WWI used for bombing
Very dangerous- “flaming coffins”
 Barbed Wire- put up in front of trenches
 Machine Guns
Battles
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First Battle of the Marne:
Germans 30 miles from Paris
at Marne River. The French
plan: best form of defense
was to attack. French
taxicabs drove important
reinforcements into the city.
German army forced to
retreat forty miles, no choice
but to dig trenches
250,000 French died;
Germans suffered the same
Schlieffen plan failed
http://www.firstworldwar.com/
video/taxisofthemarne.htm
Gallipoli Campaign
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This front of the war was a
region in the Ottoman
Empire known as the
Dardanelles
Goal of the Gallipoli
Campaign was to defeat the
Ottomans and establish a
supply line to Russia
The Allies gave up after the
front became a bloody
stalemate. The Turks had
mined the water, the Allied
ships were old, and
resistance was greater than
had been anticipated.
Fighting in Africa and Asia

Japan attacked German
outposts in China
 England and France
attacked German
colonies in Africa
 Some African colonies
and volunteered to fight
in WWI in hopes of
gaining independence
after the war. Sadly
independence will not be
granted until after WWII.
Eastern Front
aka the Frozen Front

Stretch of battlefield
between German and
Russian Border
 More mobile on this front
than on the Western front
 Tannenburg: Germany's
greatest success on
Eastern Front. Russian
army never fully recovered
Of 150,000 Russians:
30,000 casualties; more
than 95,000 taken prisoner.
Russia Struggles
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Russia struggled fighting the Germans but had a
little more success with Austria-Hungary
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By 1916 the Russians were running out of guns,
ammo., food, clothes, boots and blankets in the
dead of winter
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The Russians prevailed on the Eastern Front
because of more population/soldiers.
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http://media-2.web.britannica.com/ebmedia/71/64871-004-5AF5F4B5.gif
Russian Revolution
 1917
Russian Revolution
 Citizens very unhappy with Czar Nicholas II.
 Soldiers and workers revolted because…
Russian Revolution Impacts WWI
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Czar-King
All resources going to war
effort-low food and fuel
Russian soldiers ill
prepared for war-only 1/4th
of their soldiers have guns
Revolution breaks out in
Russia and they drop out
of WWI in 1917.
Allies lose one force but
gain another
Russian Revolution
 Revolt
was successful
 Czar
Nicholas II formally stepped down
from power.
 Provisional
Government takes over but
struggles to maintain order because of
Russian Involvement in WWI.
Romanov Family Exectued
Russian Revolution
Bolsheviks-radical revolutionary group led by
Vladimir Lenin.

1918 Bolshevik’s (backed by workers and
soldiers) overthrow provisional govt. and in store
socialist society. (Communism)

Bolshevik’s claimed absolute power and ended
private ownership of property.

Russia signs treaty with Germany in 1918 and
draws out of WWI.
Impact of Russian Revolution on
WWI
 Russia
draws out of war.
 Allies lose one force but gain another.
Stats of WWI
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New Weapons cause mass
destruction
10 million killed and over
20 million wounded
Millions of civilians died
from disease and starvation
War cost around $383
billion
Nations need civilians to
enter the war and work to
provide food, guns,
ammunition, etc.
Women were important to
war effort for factory work.
WWI is a “Total War”
 Both
sides in the war had to put all efforts
and resources toward the war effort.
(economy, citizens)
 Nations
involved had to devote all of their
resources to it.
U.S. Neutrality
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1.
2.
3.
4.
U.S. tried to stay neutral
President Woodrow Wilson re-elected to keep
U.S. out of war.
Problems with neutrality
Americans take sides-many American citizens
supported the British b/c of common culture
and language
America tries to trade with both sides-not
working
British imposed blockades
German U-Boats led to unrestricted
submarine warfare.
Ad placed in the New York papers
the morning the British passenger
liner, Lusitania, sailed for Europe
and was sunk by a German U-boat
seven days later.
Photo: The National Archives
U.S. Neutrality
5. Lusitania British ships sunk by Germany
-contained 128 American passengers
-fueled anger
6. Sussex Pledge - note from President Wilson
to Germany to tell Germany to stop using
submarine war fare.
7. Zimmerman Note- note from Germany to
Mexico
Wanted Mexico to join alliance with Germ.
Germ. Promised Mexico California,
Texas, New Mexico
U.S. Entrance into WWI
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American entrance into WWI in 1917

Side with Allies-eventhough Allies lost Russians,
the U.S. entrance boosted morale and brought
needed resources, (human and industrial
resources)
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U.S. Commit over 2 mill.

Led by Gen. Pershing
America in WWI
 Draft
-ages 18-30
extended 18-45
30 % of people drafted turned down.
Bad health because of Industrial Revolution
and bad working conditions.
Who won the War

-
-
Allies
Allied troops eventually
pushed back Germans and
were positioned to advance
on German soil.
Germans knew the war
was lost
Armistice signed Nov. 11,
1918
11th hour, 11th day, 11th
month
Effects of War
 Europe
undergoes political and social
instability
 9 million soldiers dead
 21 million wounded
 13 million civilians dead of disease and
starvation.
 European economies were drained$383 billion-this is on the test!
 People felt despair and insecurity
Treaty of Versailles
AKA-Paris Peace Conference
 Terms
of treaty dictated by The Big 4
although 32 nations attended
 -David
Lloyd George Britain
-Georges Clemenceau France
- Woodrow Wilson U.S.
- Victorio Orlando Italy
Test Question!!!! See # 34 on study
guide
Terms of Treaty
 Germany
lost territory and was stripped of
its colonies in Africa and Asia
 Germany made to pay for war damage in
Europe and pay Allies for cost of war“War Guilt Clause”.
 League of Nations implemented (President
Wilson’s idea)
 New nations were created due to the
break up of the Austrian and Ottoman
Empires-Austria, Hungary,
Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Iraq,
Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan
Treaty of Versailles=Peace built on Quicksand
 The treaty blamed Germany and caused
German resentment toward the Allies
which Hitler would capitalize on and wage
WWII
 Other countries felt cheated out of
territory-Italy and Japan (they entered the
war to gain territory and got less than they
wanted)
 Colonized countries felt ignored by their
requests for independence
 Two decades later peace will officially
collapse-WWII 1939
President Wilson’s 14 points

Peace plan for war
- Thought of before war was over
- Based on the “justice for all people”
1-5. Addressed issues Wilson thought
caused the war.
6-13. Settlement of European boundaries
14. League of Nations
Wilson’s 14 points were rejected by THE BIG 4
except for the League of Nations.
League of Nations
 Wilson’s
idea implemented in Treaty of
Versailles
 Purpose- promotion of peace
 Try to stop another World War from
happening.
 Successful in minor conflicts but did not
prevent WWII.
 Dissolved in 1946
 United Nations took its place
U.S. refusal to join League of
Nations
 Senate
did not ratify the Treaty of
Versailles
 Therefore, U.S did not enter the L.O.N.
 Republicans in control of the Senate and
not happy with President Wilson.
 Favored isolationist policy.
Today
 Notes
out!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 Finish last couple slides
 Catch phrase
 Rule Change
I will circulate with the cards. If you cant
describe the card, instead of passing I will
describe it for your team. You will lose a
point though : (
Final Exam Test Directions
 Answer
numbers 1-30 on the scantron.
 Numbers 31-33 will be completed on the
answer document.
 For the WWI portion of the test, flip the
scantron over and begin answering with
number 51.