Download Unit 3 - Canton Local Schools

Unit 2
Topic: Foreign Affairs from Imperialism to Post
World War I (1898-1930)
The industrial and territorial growth of the
United States fostered expansion overseas.
Greater involvement in the world set the state
for American participation in World War I and
attempts to preserve post-war peace.
Chapter 2: Post War Treaties and
the League of Nations
Content Statement: After WWI, the United States pursued
efforts to maintain peace in the world. However, as a
result of the national debate over the Versailles Treaty
ratification and the League of Nations, the United States
moved away from the role of world peacekeeper and
limited its involvement in international affairs.
Expectations For Learning: Explain why and how the
United States moved to a policy of isolationism following
World War I.
Section 1: Treaty of Versailles
and The League of Nations
Content Elaboration: After WWI, the United
States emerged as a world leader pursued efforts
to maintain peace in the world. President
Wilson’s efforts partially helped shape the Treaty
of Versailles, but debate over its terms and
efforts to avoid foreign entanglements led to its
defeat in the Senate and the United States’
decision not to join the League of Nations.
The Struggle For Peace
• THE BIG FOUR
• These 4 met to discuss what to do with the losing
side
•
•
•
•
1. President Wilson—United States
2. David Lloyd George—Great Britain
3. Georges Clemenceau—France
4. Vittorio Orlando—Italy
The Versailles Treaty
• ***When Germans lost, they felt the peace
would not be bad. They were in for a shock!
• ***The Big Four (except Wilson) wanted to
punish Germany and get as much land and
money from them as possible.
• ***Versailles Treaty: the agreement made after
World War I that was very harsh to Germany
The Big Four
Provisions of the Treaty
• The Provisions of the Treaty (Not as harsh as G.B., France, and Italy hoped, not as
easy as Wilson hoped)
• 1. War Guilt Clause: lays sole responsibility for the war on Germany and her
allies, which is to be accountable for all damage to civilian populations of the
Allies.
• 2. the Rhineland would be occupied by Allied troops for a period of 15 years.
• 3. German armed forces will number no more than 100,000 troops
• 4. German naval forces will be limited to 15,000 men, six battleships (no more
than 10,000 tons displacement each), six cruisers (no more than 6,000 tons
displacement each), 12 destroyers (no more than 800 tons displacement each)
and 12 torpedo boats (no more than 200 tons displacement each). No
submarines are to be included.
• 5. Central Powers lost land, and the empires were broken up
• 6. Poland and Czechoslovakia were created
• 7. Germany lost their colonies (coal fields) in Africa
• 8. Reparations--payment for losing the war--Germany made to pay the TOTAL
COST ($33 Billion owed, $4.5 billion actually paid)
• 9. Wilson tries to get the League of Nations (Fourteen Points)
League of Nations
1. President Wilson’s idea
2. International organization created to
preserve the peace after World War I
3. Collective security
A. All countries in the League would have
each other’s back
The fight over the treaty begins
• 1. Senate must have 2/3 vote to pass
treaty
• 2. Big debate: Article 10
•
a. If a country in the League of
Nations was attacked, all other nations
would help out
The Failure to Enter the League
• 1. Wilson went to people
•
a. traveled 8000 miles
•
b. visited 29 cities
•
c. gave 40 speeches in 22 days
•
d. collapsed and taken back to
White House
•
e. had stroke
•
f. sick for 8 months
The Failure to Enter the League
• 2. Election of 1920
•
a. Wilson wants League
•
--. moral reasons
•
b. Warren G. Harding
•
--. ran against Wilson
•
--. against the League of
Nations
•
c. Harding wins
•
--. U.S. did not join League
•***The League of
Nations never had any
power, because the
most powerful
country in the world
did not join!
Military Deaths in World
War 1914-1918
• Belgium
British Empire
France
Greece
Italy
Japan
Montenegro
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Serbia
United States
Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria
Germany
45,550
942,135
1,368,000
23,098
680,000
1,344
3,000
8,145
300,000
1,700,000
45,000
116,516
1,200,000
87,495
1,935,000
OGT Multiple Choice
• (Practice Test Booklet 2005) The main
purpose of President Wilson’s Fourteen
Points at the end of World War I was to
• A. help leaders of Europe gain additional
territory at Germany’s expense
• B. assure peace in the future by not
treating Germany as a vanquished nation
• C. divide Germany into several parts so it
would not be a threat in the future
• D. gain reparations from Germany to help
pay for the cost of the war
OGT Multiple Choice
• (Practice Test Booklet 2005) The
international organization created to
preserve the peace after World War I
was the
• A. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• B. United Nations
• C. Organization of American States
• D. League of Nations
OGT Multiple Choice
• (Blue Book, 2005) Which of the following
was a part of Wilson’s Fourteen Points?
• A. Allies reparations to the Germans
• B. maintenance of national boundaries as
they existed when World War I began
• C. a “guilt clause” for Germany
• D. the establishment of a League of
Nations
OGT Multiple Choice
• (Base Test March 2005) The League of Nations was created after
World War I as a forum for resolving international conflicts.
However, the League was unable to resolve tensions that led to
World War II.
• One factor that contributed to the ineffectiveness of the League
was the
•
•
•
•
A. breakup of colonial empires in Africa and Asia
B. decision of the United States not to join the League
C. opposition of League members to the Treaty of Versailles
D. rise of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet
Union.
OGT Multiple Choice
• (Blue Book, 2005) Which of the following
statements is most accurate?
• A. The U.S. Senate approved the
Versailles Treaty with some hesitation.
• B. The U.S. Senate rejected the Versailles
Treaty.
• C. The U.S joined the League of Nations
after the Versailles Treaty was rejected.
• D. Wilson’s Fourteen Points rejected the
idea of a League on Nations.
OGT Multiple Choice
• “The Big Four” were the leaders of the
countries who won World War I. They
included
• A. France, Spain, Germany, and England
• B. France, Germany, Italy, and the United
States
• C. France, England, Italy, and the United
States
• D. the United States, England, France, and
Austria-Hungary
OGT Multiple Choice
• The major reason for American opposition to
the League of Nations was
• A. fear of being required to get involved in
future European wars
• B. Wilson’s failure to promote the League to
the public
• C. the desire of Americans to punish the
Central Powers
• D. the high financial costs of joining the
League
OGT Extended Response
• (Base Test March 2005) Historians often
cite the harshness of the Treaty of
Versailles on Germany as a primary
cause of the eventual outbreak of World
War II. Summarize two provisions of
the Versailles Treaty relating to
Germany and discuss how each helped
lead to World War II.
Section 2: Other Postwar
Treaties
Content Elaboration: Desires to avoid another major
war led to treaties addressing arms limitation and
territorial expansion (Four, Five and Nine Power
Treaties). In 1928, the United States signed the
Kellogg-Briand Pact to prohibit war as “an
instrument of national policy.” In taking a leading
role in these later treaties, the United States sought
to limit its involvement in international affairs.
• After World War I, the United States and other
countries made attempts to assure there
would never be another World War.
• Many treaties and pacts were made
Four Power Treaty
• The Four-Power Treaty was a treaty signed by
the United States, Great
Britain,France and Japan at the Washington Naval
Conference on 13 December 1921.
• By the Four-Power Treaty, all parties agreement
to maintain the status quo in the Pacific, by
respecting the Pacific holdings of the other
countries signing the agreement, not seeking
further territorial expansion, and mutual
consultation with each other in the event of a
dispute over territorial possessions.
Five Power Treaty
• a treaty among the major nations that had
won World War I, which by the terms of the
treaty agreed to prevent an arms race by limiting
naval construction. It was negotiated at
the Washington Naval Conference, which was
held in Washington, D.C., from November 1921 to
February 1922, and signed by the governments of
the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan,
France, and Italy. It limited the construction
of battleships, battlecruisers and aircraft
carriers by the signatories.
Nine Power Treaty
• a 1922 treaty affirming the sovereignty and
territorial integrity of China as per the Open
Door Policy.
Kellogg-Briand Pact
• a 1928 international agreement in which
signatory states promised not to use war to
resolve "disputes or conflicts of whatever nature
or of whatever origin they may be, which may
arise among them".[2] Parties failing to abide by
this promise "should be denied of the benefits
furnished by this treaty". It was signed
by Germany,France and the United States on
August 27, 1928, and by most other nations soon
after. Sponsored by France and the U.S., the Pact
renounced the use of war and called for the
peaceful settlement of disputes