Download Nonverbal Communication

7-1
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Human Relations, 3/e
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter
7
Communication and
Human Relations
7-3
Communication and
Miscommunication
Factors of Communication:
Attitudes and Values
Conscious communication
Unconscious communication
Sender
(Speaker)
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Human Relations, 3/e
Receiver
(Listener)
Timing
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7-4
Listening—and How It Can Fail
 The need to be a good listener to
others is often ignored by people
who consider themselves good
communicators; what makes people
miss so much of what they hear?
continued
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Human Relations, 3/e
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7-5
Listening—and How It Can Fail continued
POOR LISTENING
Information
Overload
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Human Relations, 3/e
Selective
Listening
continued
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7-6
Listening—and How It Can Fail continued
Tuning Out
Prejudice
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Human Relations, 3/e
Red Flag Words
continued
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7-7
Listening—and How It Can Fail continued
 Improve your communication skills
by active listening.
 Active listening is listening with greater
concentration, less tolerance for
distractions, and more feedback for the
speaker.
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Human Relations, 3/e
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7-8
The Timing of Messages
Four Factors in the timing of
messages:
 Emotional timing
 Situational timing
 Relevance timing
 Filtering
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Human Relations, 3/e
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7-9
Communicating Without Words
 Nonverbal communication is also
related to communication skills.
Much of what people say is
expressed by nonverbals.
 Nonverbals are ways of communicating
without speaking, such as body
language and facial expressions.
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Human Relations, 3/e
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7-10
Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal Signals
Mixed Signals—Verbal and
Nonverbal
gestures, arm movements
vocal pacing and pauses
eye contact, eye
movements
loudness, vocal quality
(timbre)
physical appearance,
clothing
pitch in voice
space allowed between
speaker and listener
touch
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Human Relations, 3/e
silence
confidence in use of
vocabulary
carefulness in listening
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7-11
Functions of Nonverbal Messages
 Showing the speaker’s attitudes and
emotions.
 Clarifying messages. Nonverbal
communication allows you to understand
and interpret meaning in context.
 Showing the speaker’s reactions to the
listener. The difference in a statement’s
intensity is obvious to the listener.
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Human Relations, 3/e
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7-12
Nonverbal Messages About Self-Esteem
Strong
Communication
Skills
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Human Relations, 3/e
High
Self-Esteem
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7-13
Gestures and Their Meanings
Every gesture you use falls into one
of these four categories:
 Illustrators
 Regulators
 Displays
 Emblems
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Human Relations, 3/e
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7-14
Distance Between Speakers
 Another area of nonverbal
communication is called proxemics,
or distancing.
 This is the distance of physical
space that you maintain between
other people and yourself.
continued
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Human Relations, 3/e
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7-15
Distance Between Speakers continued
The Zones of Distances
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Human Relations, 3/e
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7-16
Communicating in an Organization
Organizational Communication
Formal dimensions:
Informal dimensions:
 Vertical
communications
 The grapevine
 Horizontal
Communications
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Human Relations, 3/e
 The rumor mill
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International and Intercultural
Communication
7-17
 Every year, more and more
companies open overseas offices,
and multinational corporations now
account for nearly half the world’s
assets.
continued
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Human Relations, 3/e
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International and Intercultural
Communication continued
7-18
 Anthropologist Edward T. Hall has
identified different cultures as being
high-context and low-context.
 A high-context culture is one in which the
social context surrounding a written
document is far more important that the
document itself.
 A low-context culture is one in which a
written agreement such as a contract can be
taken at face value.
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Human Relations, 3/e
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Strategy for Success 7.1:
7-19
Become a Better Listener
1. Stop talking.
2. Get rid of distractions.
3. Try to enter into the speaker’s
reality.
4. Use pauses for reflecting.
continued
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Human Relations, 3/e
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Strategy for Success 7.1:
7-20
Become a Better Listener continued
5. Listen for main ideas.
6. Give feedback.
7. Listen for feelings as well as for
facts.
8. Encourage others to talk.
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Human Relations, 3/e
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7-21
Strategy for Success 7.2:
Practice High-Context Communication
1. Recognize that people in high-
context cultures need to know hoe
to put you into the context, to help
them understand you better.
2. Speak slowly and clearly.
continued
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Human Relations, 3/e
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Strategy for Success 7.2:
7-22
Practice High-Context Communication
continued
3. Sprinkle your conversation with at
least a few words and expressions
from your listener’s native
language.
4. Be careful about your nonverbal
signs.
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Human Relations, 3/e
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter
7
End of Chapter 7